The Common Nature of Epidemics, and their relation to climate and civilizationSmith, Southwood
History
The Common Nature of Epidemics, and their relation to climate and civilization
Smith, Southwood
Communicable diseases; Epidemics; Quarantine
“The duty in boats up African rivers involves considerable risk at any
time of the year, but it can never be practised in the rainy season
without endangering the health and lives of all who are employed, and
such were evidently the sad consequences of the boat expeditions of the
‘Eclair.’”
The crew, according to Mr Maconchy, in addition to this dangerous
service, and the dreariness and monotony of the situation, were exposed
to another depressing agency, “from seeing the prizes of other ships
passing frequently to Sierra Leone, whilst they considered themselves
out of the reach of such good fortune.”
Another cause was probably in operation even at this time, namely, the
foul condition of the ship, as will hereafter appear.
Under these circumstances, fever broke out on board the ship, and proved
fatal to ten of the crew; eight of the ten deaths being considered by
the medical officers as directly consequent on the boating expeditions.
Though there were other and severe cases of sickness on board, these
deaths appear to include the whole of the ship’s mortality during her
stay at Sherboro, a period, as has been stated, of above four months.
In the month of July the “Eclair” left this station, returned to Sierra
Leone, and anchored in the harbour, where she appears to have remained
13 days. This happened to be the rainy season. The crew went on shore,
where several of them remained at night unable to reach the ship from
being in a state of helpless intoxication.
The consequences were soon apparent. While the ship remained in the
harbour, fever again broke out on board with great violence, and
continued without intermission during this and the following month. In
this sickly state she again left Sierra Leone, proceeded northward in
company with another ship, the “Albert,” and anchored in the Gambia on
the 10th of August “(one of the most unhealthy months at that place),”
where she remained until the 15th. All this time, the fever steadily
increasing, she arrived on the 21st of August at Boa Vista. She had now
lost, since leaving Sherboro, 13 more of her crew, making in all, from
the first outbreak of the disease at Sherboro, 37 attacks and 23 deaths;
that is, 1 in 6 of the crew had died.
On anchoring in the harbour of Boa Vista, pratique was at once offered
to her commander, Captain Estcourt, but he replied that he could not
think of accepting it until he had communicated the state of his vessel
to the authorities on shore. After some deliberation the
Governor-General consented to the landing of the ship’s company, in the
hope that the formidable disease, by which so many had already perished,
and so many others were still placed in imminent danger, might be
checked. Accordingly the crew, both the healthy and the sick, were sent
to a Fort on an islet a mile distant from the town (Porto Sal Rey), and
the officers were lodged in the town itself. This took place on the 31st
of August.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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