The Common Spiders of the United StatesEmerton, J. H. (James Henry)
Science
The Common Spiders of the United States
Emerton, J. H. (James Henry)
Spiders -- United States
$Synemosyna formica.$--A small spider so much like an ant as to be often
mistaken for one (fig. 163). It is about quarter of an inch long and
very slender. The cephalothorax is narrowed behind and the abdomen in
front, and each has a deep depression in the middle. The stem of the
abdomen is flat, and widened behind so that it is nearly as wide as the
ends of the thorax and abdomen, which it connects. The front middle eyes
are large and cover two-thirds of the width of the front of the head,
and the rest of the eyes are small. The legs are all slender, the hind
pair longest. The general color is black, with yellowish or orange-white
markings. There is a triangular white spot in front of the dorsal
groove, and one on each side widening downward under the posterior eyes.
On the abdomen there is a white stripe extending downward from the
dorsal depression on each side and uniting in a large white patch
underneath (fig. 164). In pale individuals the whole front half of the
abdomen is light yellow or orange brown. The second legs are entirely
white, the others partly black. The male has the head higher and is
darker colored and more slender.
This spider not only resembles an ant in form and color but moves like
an ant. It does not jump like most Attidæ, though it can do so, but
walks and runs irregularly about and lifts its first legs high like the
antennæ of ants.
[Illustration: FIG. 165. Lyssomanes viridis, enlarged six times.]
$Lyssomanes viridis.$--A bright green spider common in the southern
states. The arrangement of the eyes differs from that usual in the
Attidæ by the front lateral eyes being higher and closer together, so
that they are over and behind the front middle pair (fig. 165). The
cephalothorax is narrow in front,--not much more than half as wide as it
is across the middle. The abdomen is narrower than the thorax and more
than twice as long as wide. The female is a third of an inch in length,
and the male quarter of an inch. The legs are long and slender, the
first pair longest and thickest, in the male half an inch in length and
in the female a little shorter. In the female the mandibles are vertical
and about as long as the height of the head. In the male they are as
long as the cephalothorax, curved apart, and extended almost
horizontally in front of the head. The color is light transparent green,
sometimes without any markings. Usually there are four pairs of small
black spots on the abdomen, and there are black spots around the eyes,
except around the front pair, where there is a little orange color. They
live on low bushes and mature early in the summer.
THE LYCOSIDÆ
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