The Common Spiders of the United StatesEmerton, J. H. (James Henry)
Science
The Common Spiders of the United States
Emerton, J. H. (James Henry)
Spiders -- United States
$Oxyopes salticus.$--The eyes are in three rows, the front one of two
small eyes, the second of four eyes, and the upper of two. The head is
wide and less separated from the thorax than in Lycosa and very high in
front. The cephalothorax is two-thirds as wide as long and rounded both
in front and behind (fig. 218). The abdomen of the male is smaller than
the cephalothorax, but that of the female is wider and longer. It is
widest in the middle, rounded in front, and pointed behind. The legs are
slender, the first pair longest, but all nearly of the same length and
with very long spines. The colors and markings are very variable. The
legs are white or pale yellow, with black spines. The light parts of the
body are the same color, with brown and black markings. There are
usually four brown stripes on the cephalothorax from the eyes backward,
and two black lines in front from the lower eyes down the front of the
mandibles (fig. 219). The most constant mark of the abdomen is a pointed
middle spot extending as far as the middle of the back. This is
generally surrounded by light color, and at the sides are narrow oblique
brown marks. There are sometimes fine black lines on the under sides of
the femora and a wide black middle stripe under the abdomen. The males
are sometimes colored like the female, and vary from this to black
abdomen and palpi, with the rest of the body pale. A very common species
in the southern states in the early summer, running on low bushes. There
is another Oxyopes about the same size that has been found a few times
as far north as New England.
[Illustration: FIG. 220. Oxyopes viridans.--Young female enlarged four
times.]
$Oxyopes (Peucetia) viridans.$--This is a common and conspicuous spider
in the South. It is a bright transparent green, with red spots and black
spines. It grows to a length of three-quarters of an inch, but is found
in great numbers early in the summer, when it is only a quarter of this
size (fig. 220). The head is narrower than in _O. salticus_, and the
lateral eyes so high that they appear to belong to the upper rather than
the middle row. The abdomen is the same width as the back part of the
cephalothorax and tapers a little toward the spinnerets. The first pair
of legs is longest and the second next. The general color is green, with
the space between the eyes red, red spots and black spines on the legs,
and two rows of red spots on the abdomen, sometimes united into a
stripe, with pairs of white spots surrounded by red.
THE AGALENIDÆ
[Illustration: FIG. 221. Web of Agalena nævia in long grass, seen from
above. One-third the real size.]
[Illustration: FIG. 222. Web of Agalena nævia in short grass on the side
of a hill, seen from the side. The spider stands in its usual place at
the mouth of its tube. Half the real size.]
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