The Common Spiders of the United StatesEmerton, J. H. (James Henry)
Science
The Common Spiders of the United States
Emerton, J. H. (James Henry)
Spiders -- United States
$The Three House Epeiras: E. sclopetaria, patagiata,$ and
$strix.$--These are the round-web spiders most commonly found about
houses, barns, and fences. They are all about the same size, a third of
an inch in length, and of various shades of brown, with a distinct
scalloped middle stripe on the abdomen. _Sclopetaria_ (fig. 383) has the
middle stripe broken at the edges just in front of the middle of each
side, so as to form two separate figures, one covering the front and the
other the hinder half of the abdomen. In _patagiata_ (fig. 384) and
_strix_ the edges of the stripe are usually entire for their whole
length. In _strix_ (fig. 385) the middle stripe is narrower than in the
others and usually lighter in color. The color of _sclopetaria_ inclines
to black, with the light marks yellow. _Patagiata_ is oftener reddish
brown, especially in alcohol, and the middle stripe is often dark and
uniform in color, less broken by spots and transverse marks than in the
others. The front legs of _sclopetaria_ are longer than those of the
other species, and the front legs of _strix_ shorter and stouter. The
cephalothorax of _strix_ is more plainly marked than the others, with
three longitudinal stripes. There is not much difference in the markings
of the under side. The epigynum has two hard brown prominences at each
side, with a soft finger-like appendage between. In _sclopetaria_ and
_strix_ this finger is slender and tapers slightly toward the end. In
_patagiata_ it is wide at the end and flattened. In the palpi of the
males there is a similar difference. Those of _sclopetaria_ and _strix_
are much alike, but that of _patagiata_ has the forked hook at the base
much thicker and more curved. _Patagiata_ is a northern species, common
in Canada and found occasionally as far south as Massachusetts and New
York. It is also common in the north of Europe. _Sclopetaria_ is also a
European species, and is seldom found far from houses. It is more common
north, but has been found as far south as Norfolk, Va. _Strix_ is common
all over the country, both around houses and in bushes.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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