If the Stone be stopt at the _Sphincter_ of the Bladder, it ought to be thrust back with a Probe: If it stick at the end of the _Glans_, it may be press'd to let it out; and if it cannot come forth, a small Incision may be made in the opening of the _Glans_ on its side. But if the Stone be remote from the _Glans_, it is requisite to make an Incision into the _Ureter_; to which purpose, the Surgeon having caus'd the Skin to be drawn upward, holds the Yard between two Fingers, making a Longitudinal Incision on its side upon the Stone, which must be prest between the Fingers to cause it to fly out; or else it may be taken out with an _Extractor_. Then if the Incision were very small, the Skin needs only to be let go, and it will heal of it self; but if it were large, a small Leaden Pipe is to be put into the _Ureter_, lest it shou'd be altogether clos'd up by the Scar: It is also expedient to anoint the Pipe with some Desiccative Medicine, and to dress the Wound with Balsam. Afterward a little Linnen-Bag or Case is to be made, in which the Yard is to be put, to keep on the Dressing; but it must be pierc'd at the end, for the convenience of making Water, having two Bands at the other end, which are ty'd round about the Waste. * * * * * {241} CHAP. XVI. _Of the Operation of _Lithotomy_._ This Operation is undertaken when it is certainly known that there is a Stone in the Bladder; to be assur'd of which, it may not be improper to introduce a Finger into the _Anus_ near the _Os Pubis_, by which means the Stone is sometimes felt, if there be any: The Finger is likewise usually put into the _Anus_ of young Virgins, and into the _Vagina Uteri_ of Women, for the same purpose. But it is more expedient to make use of the Probe, anointed with Grease, after this manner: The Patient being laid on his Back, the Operator holds the Yard streight upward, the _Glans_ lying open between his Thumb and Fore-finger; then holding the Probe with his Right-hand on the side of the Rings, he guides it into the Yard, and when it is enter'd, turns the Handle toward the _Pubes_, drawing out the Yard a little, to the end that the Canal of the _Ureter_ may lie streight. If it be perceiv'd that the Probe hath not as yet pass'd into the Bladder, a Finger is to be put into the _Anus_, to conduct it thither. Afterward in order to know whether a Stone be lodg'd in the Bladder, the Probe ought to be shaken a little therein, first on the Right-side, and then on the Left; and if a small Noise be heard, it may be concluded for certain that there is a Stone: But if it be judg'd that the {242} Stone swims in the Bladder, so that it cannot be felt, the Patient must be oblig'd to make Water with a hollow Probe.