Scarifications are to be made more or less deep, accordingly as necessity requires, beginning at the bottom, and carrying them on upward, to avoid being hinder'd by the Hæmorrhage. They must also be let one into another, that Strings may not be left in the Skin. * * * * * CHAP. XXXVII. _Of the Application of _Vesicatories_._ Vesicatories are compounded with the Powder of Cantharides or Spanish flies, mixt with very sower Leaven, or else with Turpentine. Before they are apply'd, a light friction is to be made on the Part with a warm cloth, and a greater or lesser quantity is to be laid on, accordingly as the Skin is more or less fine, leaving 'em on the Part about seven or eight Hours; then they are to be taken away, and the Blisters are to be open'd, applying thereto some sort of Spirituous Liquor. * * * * * {270} CHAP. XXXVIII. _Of the Application of _Cupping-Glasses_._ A Good Friction being first made with warm Clothes, lighted Toe is to be put into the Cupping-Glass, or else a Wax-Candle fasten'd to a Counter, and then it is to be apply'd to the Part till the Fire be extinguish'd, and the Skin swell'd, re-iterating the Operation as often as it is necessary; and afterward laying on a Bolster steept in Spirit of Wine. These are call'd dry Cupping-Glasses: But if you wou'd draw Blood, every thing is to be observ'd that we have now mention'd, besides that Scarifications are to be made, according to the usual manner; and the Cupping-Glass is to be set upon the Scarifications: But when the Cupping-Glass is half full of Blood, it must be taken off to be emptied, and the Application thereof is to be re-iterated, as often as it is required to take away any Blood. Lastly, the Incisions are to be wash'd with some Spirituous Liquor; and a Bandage is to be made convenient for the Part. * * * * * {271} CHAP. XXXIX. _Of the opening of _Abcesses_ or _Impostumes_._ An Abcess or Impostume ought to be open'd in its most mature part, and in the Bias of the Humours, endeavouring to preserve the Fibres of the Muscles from being cut, unless there be an absolute necessity, avoiding also the great Vessels, Tendons, and Nerves. The Opening must be rather large than small, and not too much press'd in letting out the purulent Matter. If the Skin be thick, as it happens in the Heel, it may be par'd with a Razor; and if the Matter be lodg'd under the Nails, it wou'd be required to scrape 'em with Glass before they are pierc'd. * * * * * {272} A TREATISE OF THE OPERATIONS OF FRACTURES. * * * * * CHAP. I. _Of the Fracture of the Nose._