If the Bone be put out of its place by a coagulated sort of Matter like Mortar or Plaister, Resolutives and Attenuants are to be us'd, such as the volatile Spirit of Tartar prepar'd with the Lees of Wine, volatile Spirit of Tartar destill'd with Nitre in a Retort with a long Neck, or Spirit of Tartar prepar'd by Fermentation with Tartar, and its proper _Alkali_: This last is the best of all, and the use thereof ought to be continu'd. The volatile Salt of Human Bones is also very efficacious; but it is necessary to begin first with the taking of Laxative and Sudorifick Medicines, appropriated according to the respective Circumstances. The Spirit of Earth-Worms may be also apply'd outwardly, which is made by Fermentation, and may be often laid on the Part either alone, or with the Spirit of _Sal Ammoniack_. If a dislocated Bone be not set in good time, a _Coagulum_ or kind of curdled Substance is form'd in the Cavity, which hinders the reducing of it to its place; but this _Coagulum_ may be dissolv'd with the following Medicament, before you attempt to set the Bone. Take one {187} part of the destill'd Oil of Human Bones, two parts of foetid Oil of Tartar; mingle the whole, and add quick Lime to be destill'd in a Retort: Let the Parts be fomented with this Oil. If the Dislocation happen'd by the Relaxation of the Ligaments, recourse may be had to universal Sudorificks taken inwardly; as also to such Medicines as are full of an unctuous and volatile Salt, particularly Aromatick Oils, and Spirit of _Sal Ammoniack_. In the mean while Aromaticks, Resolutives, and moderate Astringents may be apply'd outwardly. * * * * * CHAP. II. _Of the Fractures of Bones._ _What is the Fracture of a Bone?_ It is the Division of the Continuity of its Parts. _After how many different manners may a Bone be broken?_ Three several ways, _viz._ cross-wise, side-wise, in its length, and perhaps in Shatters or Splinters. _By what means may a Bone be fractured?_ It may happen to be done by three sorts of Instruments, _viz._ such as are fit for bruising, cutting, or wresting; that is to say, a Bone may be divided in the Continuity of its proper Parts, by Contusion, Incision, or Contorsion. _How is the Fracture of a Bone discover'd?_ {188} Divers ways, _viz._ by the ill Disposition of the Part, which becomes shorter; by its want of Motion; by its flexibility or pliantness elsewhere than in its Articulations; by the unevenness that may be perceiv'd in its Continuity; by the cracking which is heard; sometimes also by the shooting forth of one of its ends thro' the Flesh which it hath open'd; and lastly by a Comparison made thereof with the sound Part on the other side, as that of the Right Arm with the Left. _What kind of Fracture is most difficult to be discern'd?_