The fractur'd Part must be rubb'd with _Oleum Lumbricorum_ and Spirit of Wine heated and mingled together: The Decoctions of Agrimony, Sayine, and Saxifrage are also to be us'd, and the _Lapis Osteocolla_ is a Specifick: It is usually given in great Comphrey-Water, or in a Decoction of Perewinkle made with Wine, and is often re-iterated. * * * * * CHAP. III. _Of the particular Fractures of the Skull._ _What is a Fracture of the_ Cranium _or Skull?_ It is a Wound of the Head complicated with a Fracture of the Skull-Bone. _After how many manners may the Skull be fractur'd?_ {193} Three several ways, _viz._ by Contusion, by Incision, and by Puncture. _What is the most dangerous of these Fractures?_ It is that which happens by Contusion; because the Concussion and Commotion is greater. _Do all the Fractures of the Skull require the use of the Trepan?_ No, the Fractures must be deep which stand in need of the help of such an Instrument; for those that are superficial may be cur'd by a simple Exfoliation. _What is that deep Fracture, wherein the use of the Trepan is absolutely necessary?_ It is that which is made in the two Tables of the Skull, penetrating to the _Meninges_ of the Brain; upon which at that time the Blood is diffus'd, and must be taken away by the Operation of the Trepan. _How may it be discover'd that the two Tables of the Skull are broken?_ By the Eyes, and by Ratiocination. _Are not the Eyes sufficient alone, and are they not more certain than Ratiocination?_ Yes; but forasmuch as things are not always seen, there is often a necessity of making use of rational Deductions to find out that which the Eyes cannot discern. _When doth it happen that the Eyes alone discover the Fracture?_ When the Wound is large and wide, so that it may be immediately view'd. _When doth it happen that Ratiocination supplies the defect of the Eyes?_ {194} When the Wound is so small that the Bone cannot be seen, and nothing appears but the Accidents. _What are the Accidents or Signs of the Fracture of the Skull?_ They are a dimmness of the Sight, and loss of the Understanding, which happen at the very Moment when the Fall or Blow is receiv'd; with the Phlegmatick Vomittings that follow soon after: These Signs are call'd _Univocal_. And there are others that bear the Name of _Equivocal_, and which confirm the former; as a Flux of Blood thro' the Nose, Eyes, and Ears, redness of the Eyes, heaviness of the Head, and puffing up of the Face; as also afterward Drowsiness, Shivering of the whole Body, Fever, _Deliriums_, Convulsions, _&c._ _Must all these Signs appear before a Determination can be made of the necessity of using the Trepan?_