The complete works of John Gower, volume 2 : $b The English worksGower, John
General
The complete works of John Gower, volume 2 : $b The English works
Gower, John
Poetry
This list of examples, which is fairly complete up to v. 1970, will
sufficiently show the manner in which _-ede_ preterites are used. In
more than three-fourths of the instances quoted the _-e_ is subject
to elision, and of those that remain nine are examples of the plural
with _-eden_ termination, and three only of the ending _-ede_, viz. ii.
2063, ‘Thogh that he lovede ten or tuelve,’ ii. 2453, ‘Supplantede the
worthi knyht,’ and v. 1678, ‘He percede the harde roche,’ of which the
first is really a case of syncope, ‘lov’de,’ as also ii. 502 (cp. vi.
882) and iv. 1593, whereas in ii. 2027 ‘lovede’ occurs unsyncopated but
with _-e_ elided. It will be noted that in the plural the form _-eden_
is used regularly when the syllables are to be fully pronounced, though
_-ede_ can be used for the sake of elision.
The _-ed_ form of preterite is less frequent than the other, and I am
not aware of any clear example of its employment before a consonant or
in rhyme. We have, for example, ‘And _used_ it,’ i. 342, ‘Sche _cleped_
him,’ i. 1535 (‘_humbled_ him,’ i. 2065, is probably a participle, ‘to
have humbled himself’), ‘_pryded_ I me,’ i. 2372, ‘ne _feigned_ I,’
ii. 2061, ‘the goddes ... Comanded him,’ iii. 2140 f., ‘Thei _cleped_
him,’ v. 876, cp. 1057, &c. In iii. 1759, ‘The Gregois _torned_ fro
the siege,’ we have most probably a participle, ‘were torned.’ We may
observe that the _-ed_ form stands also in the plural.
Among weak preterites from originally strong verbs we may notice
_abreide_, _crepte_ (but past participle _crope_), _foghte_, _fledde_,
_schotte_, _slepte_ (also _slep_, with past participle _slepe_),
_smette_ (beside _smot_), _wepte_. The pret. _satte_ in vii. 2282, ‘He
satte him thanne doun,’ seems to arise from confusion of _sat_ and
_sette_.
=Imperative.= The _Confessio Amantis_ is peculiarly rich in
imperatives. Beside the regular imperative singular forms, e.g. _ared_,
_besech_, _behold_, _ches_, _com_, _do_, _forsak_, _griet_, _help_,
_hier_, _hyd_, _kep_, _lef_, _ly_, _lei_, _lest_, _lep_, _prei_, _put_,
_say_, _schrif_, _spek_, _tak_, _tell_, _thenk_, _understond_, _ȝif_,
&c., the MSS. give us also _hyde_, iii. 1502, _seie_, vii. 4084,
_speke_, vii. 5422, _take_, iv. 2674, v. 6429, _thenke_, iii. 1083,
but not in such positions as to affect the metre. The forms _axe_,
_herkne_, _loke_, _wite_ are regular, but _lok_ also occurs (i. 1703,
v. 1220).
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