The complete works of John Gower, volume 2 : $b The English worksGower, John
General
The complete works of John Gower, volume 2 : $b The English works
Gower, John
Poetry
From _setten_ besides the regular past participle _set_ there appears
the form _sete_ twice in rhyme, vii. 2864, _forȝete_ : _sete_, and
viii. 244, _misgete_ (past partic.): _upsete_. This seems to be formed
after the analogy of _gete_. On the other hand we have _ferd_, i. 445,
&c., but also _fare(n)_, iii. 2692, v. 3797, &c. The past participle
of _se_ is _sen_, _sein_, _seie_, but most commonly _sene_. In a few
instances a final _e_ is given by the MSS. in weak past participles,
e.g. _herde_ for _herd_, v. 4231, _schope_ for _schop_, v. 4278,
_sette_ for _set_, vi. 10, _wiste_ for _wist_, viii. 37.
The cases of weak past participles with plural inflexion (e.g. Prol.
300, i. 3246, iv. 2343, v. 6789) have already been mentioned in dealing
with adjectives.
There is hardly any use of the prefix _y-_ (_i-_), but we have _ybore_,
ii. 499.
vi. DIALECT. Gower’s language is undoubtedly in the main the English
of the Court, and not a provincial dialect. Making allowance for the
influences of literary culture and for a rather marked conservatism
in orthography and grammatical inflexions, we can see that it agrees
on the whole with the London speech of the time, as evidenced by the
contemporary documents referred to by Prof. Morsbach. At the same time
its tendencies are Southern rather than Midland, and he seems to have
used Kentish forms rather more freely than Chaucer. This is shown
especially (1) in the more extensive use of the forms in which _e_
stands for O. E. _y̆_, as _senne_, _kesse_, _pet_, _hell_, &c.; (2) in
the frequent employment of _ie_, both in French and English words, to
represent _ẹ̄_, a practice which can hardly be without connexion with
the Kentish _cliene_, _diepe_, _diere_, _hier_, _hield_, _niede_, &c.;
(3) in the use of _-ende_ as the normal termination of the present
participle. (The _Ayenbite_ regularly has _-inde_.) Probably also
the preference shown by Gower for the close sound of _ē_, from O. E.
_ǣ_, may be to some extent due to Kentish influence. Other points of
resemblance between the language of Gower and that of the _Ayenbite_
(for example) are the free use of syncopated forms in the 3rd pers.
sing. of verbs and the regular employment of _ous_ for _us_.
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