The complete works of John Gower, volume 2 : $b The English worksGower, John
General
The complete works of John Gower, volume 2 : $b The English works
Gower, John
Poetry
Nearly all that is important about rhyme has already been said under
the head of Phonology. We may here remark on some of the instances
in which the form of words is accommodated to the rhyme, these
being sometimes cases where variants are supplied by neighbouring
dialects. Thus we have _aise_ for _ese_, _ar_ for _er_, _hair_ for
_heir_, _naght_ once for _noght_, _fer_ once for _fyr_, _hade_,
with the original long vowel, for _hadde_, _geth_ (the originally
correct form) for _goth_, _fore_ for _for_; and alternatives such as
_moneie monoie_, _aweie awey away_, _seide saide_, _soverein
soverain_, are used in accordance with the rhyme, though it is
difficult to say for certain in all cases whether there was difference
of sound. Thus, while we have _away_ as rhyme to _day_, _awey_ is found
rhyming to _ey_, i. 2545, _said_, _saide_ rhyming with _paid_, _Maide_,
while _seide_ rhymes with _alleide_, _obeide_; we find _soverein_ :
_aȝein_, but _brayn_ : _soverain_. The form _yhe_ often varies to
_ÿe_ when in rhyme with _-ie_ termination, as _clergie_ : _ÿe_, Prol.
329 f., _ÿe_ : _agonie_, i. 967 f. (but also _yhe_ : _pourpartie_, i.
405 f., _yhe_ : _specefie_, i. 571 f.). Sometimes however the other
rhyme-word is modified to correspond to it, as _pryhe_ : _yhe_, v. 469
f., and there was probably no perceptible difference of pronunciation
in this case. So also the preterite _lowh_ is written _low_ when in
rhyme with _now_, Prol. 1071, and similarly _thou_ : _ynou_, vii.
2099 f. (but _bowe_ : _ynowhe_, ii. 3225 f.). We have already seen
that the use of such alternative forms as _sinne senne_, _wile
wole_, _lasse lesse_, _hedde hidde_, _-ende -inge_ is sometimes
determined by the rhyme.
Alliteration is used by Gower in a manner which is especially
characteristic of the new artistic style of poetry. It is sufficiently
frequent, both in formal combinations, such as ‘cares colde,’ ‘lusty
lif,’ ‘park and plowh,’ ‘swerd or spere,’ ‘lief and loth,’ ‘wel or wo,’
‘dike and delve,’ ‘slepe softe,’ ‘spille ... spede,’ and as an element
of the versification:
i. 886 f. ‘For so, thei seide, al stille and softe
God Anubus hire wolde awake.’
iv. 2590 ‘The lost is had, the lucre is lore.’
iv. 3384 f. ‘Which many a man hath mad to falle,
Wher that he mihte nevere arise.’
v. 3670 f. ‘And thanne he gan to sighe sore,
And sodeinliche abreide of slep.’
vii. 3468 f. ‘Sche hath hir oghne bodi feigned,
For feere as thogh sche wolde flee.’
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