The Concept of Nature: The Tarner Lectures Delivered in Trinity College, November 1919Whitehead, Alfred North
Philosophy
The Concept of Nature: The Tarner Lectures Delivered in Trinity College, November 1919
Whitehead, Alfred North
Knowledge, Theory of; Nature; Science -- Philosophy
Position is the quality which an abstractive element possesses in virtue
of the moments in which it lies. The abstractive elements which lie in
the instantaneous space of a given moment M are differentiated from
each other by the various other moments which intersect M so as to
contain various selections of these abstractive elements. It is this
differentiation of the elements which constitutes their differentiation
of position. An abstractive element which belongs to a punct has the
simplest type of position in M, an abstractive element which belongs
to a rect but not to a punct has a more complex quality of position, an
abstractive element which belongs to a level and not to a rect has a
still more complex quality of position, and finally the most complex
quality of position belongs to an abstractive element which belongs to a
volume and not to a level. A volume however has not yet been defined.
This definition will be given in the next lecture.
Evidently levels, rects, and puncts in their capacity as infinite
aggregates cannot be the termini of sense-awareness, nor can they be
limits which are approximated to in sense-awareness. Any one member of a
level has a certain quality arising from its character as also belonging
to a certain set of moments, but the level as a whole is a mere logical
notion without any route of approximation along entities posited in
sense-awareness.
On the other hand an event-particle is defined so as to exhibit this
character of being a route of approximation marked out by entities
posited in sense-awareness. A definite event-particle is defined in
reference to a definite punct in the following manner: Let the condition
σ mean the property of covering all the abstractive elements which are
members of that punct; so that an abstractive set which satisfies the
condition σ is an abstractive set which covers every abstractive element
belonging to the punct. Then the definition of the event-particle
associated with the punct is that it is the group of all the σ-primes,
where σ has this particular meaning.
It is evident that--with this meaning of σ--every abstractive set equal
to a σ-prime is itself a σ-prime. Accordingly an event-particle as thus
defined is an abstractive element, namely it is the group of those
abstractive sets which are each equal to some given abstractive set. If
we write out the definition of the event-particle associated with some
given punct, which we will call π, it is as follows: The event-particle
associated with π is the group of abstractive classes each of which has
the two properties (i) that it covers every abstractive set in π and
(ii) that all the abstractive sets which also satisfy the former
condition as to π and which it covers, also cover it.
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