{107} Report of Commission of Inquiry into the State of Large Towns and Populous Districts. First Report, 1844. Appendix. {108a} Factories' Inquiry Commission's Reports, 3rd vol. Report of Dr. Hawkins on Lancashire, in which Dr. Robertson is cited--the "Chief Authority for Statistics in Manchester." {108b} Quoted by Dr. Wade from the Report of the Parliamentary Factories' Commission of 1832, in his "History of the Middle and Working- Classes." London, 1835, 3rd ed. {112a} Children's Employment Commission's Report. App. Part II. Q. 18, No. 216, 217, 226, 233, etc. Horne. {112b} _Ibid_. evidence, p. 9, 39; 133. {113a} _Ibid_. p. 9, 36; 146. {113b} _Ibid_. p. 34; 158. {113c} Symonds' Rep. App. Part I., pp. E, 22, _et seq_. {115a} "Arts and Artisans." {115b} "Principles of Population," vol. ii. pp. 136, 197. {116} We shall see later how the rebellion of the working-class against the bourgeoisie in England is legalised by the right of coalition. {117a} "Chartism," p. 34, _et seq_. {117b} _Ibid_., p. 40. {119} Shall I call bourgeois witnesses to bear testimony from me here, too? I select one only, whom every one may read, namely, Adam Smith. "Wealth of Nations" (McCulloch's four volume edition), vol. iii., book 5, chap. 8, p. 297. {120} "Principles of Population," vol. ii., p. 76, _et seq_. p. 82, p. 135. {122} "Philosophy of Manufactures," London, 1835, p. 406, _et seq_. We shall have occasion to refer further to this reputable work. {125} "On the Present Condition of the Labouring Poor in Manchester," etc. By the Rev. Rd. Parkinson, Canon of Manchester, 3d Ed., London and Manchester, 1841, Pamphlet. {131a} "Manufacturing Population of England," chap. 10. {131b} The total of population, about fifteen millions, divided by the number of convicted criminals (22,733). {134a} "The Cotton Manufacture of Great Britain," by Dr. A. Ure, 1836. {134b} "History of the Cotton Manufacture of Great Britain," by E. Baines, Esq. {135} "Stubborn Facts from the Factories by a Manchester Operative." Published and dedicated to the working-classes, by Wm. Rashleigh, M.P., London, Ollivier, 1844, p. 28, _et seq_. {136} Compare Factories' Inquiry Commission's Report. {138} L. Symonds, in "Arts and Artisans." {140} See Dr. Ure in the "Philosophy of Manufacture." {141} Report of Factory Inspector, L. Homer, October, 1844: "The state of things in the matter of wages is greatly perverted in certain branches of cotton manufacture in Lancashire; there are hundreds of young men, between twenty and thirty, employed as piecers and otherwise, who do not get more than 8 or 9 shillings a week, while children under thirteen years, working under the same roof, earn 5 shillings, and young girls, from sixteen to twenty years, 10-12 shillings per week." {143a} Report of Factories' Inquiry Commission. Testimony of Dr. Hawkins, p. 3.