Italy, sore wounded, did not die at once. Latin virtue and civilization were so tenacious of life, that whereas nations usually grow barbarous with the loss of liberty, Italy, trodden by foreign and domestic tyrannies, preserved a remnant of her culture, and, though barren of political genius, adorned her sunset with the splendours of science and art. It was then that speculative philosophy achieved its greatest triumphs among us. Pomponaceo, Telesio, Cardano, Bruno and Campanella, precursors of Cartheusius and Bacon, opened new roads for the progress of the sciences. Strange, too, but true, when Italy was perishing, she produced her greatest soldiers--soldiers who led every other people but their own to victory. The age of our prostration and servitude produced Trivulzio, Medici, Gonzaga, Farnese, Colonna, Doria, Spinola, Strozzi, and Orsini. But Genoa, perhaps the last to die, was the first to rise; the day came when, purified by suffering, she found strength to avenge in a tempestuous uprising of her people the shame of her long humiliation.[56] INDEX. Abbatelli, the, conspirators in Palermo, 87 Adorno, Antoniotto, retires from the Dogate in 1527, 43; raised to the Dogate by the Fieschi, 92 ----, Barnaba, Lord of Silvano, 94, 165 ----, Maddalena, Countess of Silvano, 95 ----, Prospero, conquers the Fieschi in 1476, 7 Alba, Duke of, sails with Doria to Spain, 246, 250, 281 Albenga, Jacopo di, distinguished jurist, 195 Alberti, Leandro, quoted, 30, 67, 136, 332 Alcibiades, Fieschi compared to, 66, 127 Alessi, Galeazzo, architect of the church of Carignano, 202 Alexander VI., Pope, 97, 107, 108 ---- VII., Pope, 298 Anguissola Giovanni, 236, 237, 239; his death, 240 Ariosto, Lodovico, praises the verses of Panza, 82 Aristotle taught in Genoa by public lectures, 300 Assereto, Tommaso, co-conspirator of Fieschi, 154, 160, 166, 168, 193, 209, 218; executed by the government, 220, 223 Balbi, inscription to his infamy, in a rear wall of the Ducal palace, 199 Bandello, Matteo, quoted, 83, 121, 173, 252, 329 Barbarossa, Barbary corsair, 50, 287 Bastelica, Sampiero, Corsican revolutionist, 285, 287-98 Bavaria, princes of, 2, 10 Belcœur, French ambassador in the Grisons, 239 Belmosto, Archbishop of Genoa, 333 Boccanegra, Guglielmo, Captain of the People, 38, 41 ----, Maria, 171 ----, Simone, first Doge of Genoa, 39 Bona, Duchess, 7 Bonfadio, historian, 25, 66, 91, 92, 93, 113, 126, 156, 177, 207, 234, 299 Boniface IX., pope, 12, 97 Bonnivet, French general, invades Italy, 25 Borgia, Cæsar, intrigues of, 41-2, 106 Borgognino, Scipione, storms the arsenal of Doria, 161, 167 Borganasca, village in the Apennines, craftiness of its people, 336 Bourbon, Constable of, 29 Bourbons, the, 153 Bourgogne, Dukes of, 2 Braccialina, Gentilina, murdered by her husband, 279