Compensation, immunities, and disabilities of Members: When the pay starts 99 Privilege from arrest 99 Privilege of speech or debate 99 Incompatible offices 101 Section 7. Legislative process: Revenue bills 102 Approval by the President 103 Veto power 103 Presentation of resolutions 104 Section 8. Powers of Congress: Clause 1. Taxing-spending power 105 Kinds of taxes permitted 105 Decline of forbidden subject matter test 105 Rise and fall of Collector _v._ Day 106 Federal taxation of State interests 106 Immunity left to the States 108 Conflicting views on the court 108 Rule of uniformity 109 Purposes of taxation 110 Regulation by taxation 110 Extermination by taxation 110 Protective tariff 112 Spending for the general welfare 112 Hamilton _v._ Madison 113 Triumph of Hamiltonian theory 113 Security Act Cases, The 115 Earmarked funds 116 Conditional grants-in-aid 116 "Debts of the United States" 116 Clause 2. Borrowing power 117 Clause 3. Power to regulate interstate and foreign commerce 118 Purpose of the clause 118 Definition of terms: Gibbons _v._ Ogden 118 "Commerce" 118 "Commerce" today 119 "Necessary and proper" clause 121 "Among the several States" 121 "Regulate" 123 Interstate versus foreign commerce 123 Instruments of commerce 125 Congressional regulation of waterways 126 Navigation 126 Hydroelectric power 130