Our hydraulic power (including Niagara) far exceeds that of all Europe. We have more timber than all Europe, including most varieties, useful and ornamental. We have, including cotton, vastly more of the raw material for manufactures than all Europe. With all these vast natural advantages, has man, in our country, performed his duty, in availing himself of the bounteous gifts of Providence? We are considering now the question of our material progress, in regard to which, the following official data are presented. We have completed since 1790, 5,782 miles of canals, from 4 to 10 feet deep, and from 40 to 75 feet wide, costing $148,000,000, and mostly navigable by steam. (Census Table, 1860, No. 39.) We have constructed since 1829, 33,698 miles of railroad (more than all the rest of the world), costing $1,258,922,729. (Table 38, Census of 1860, and Addenda.) We have in operation on the land, more miles of telegraph than all the world, a single route, from New York to San Francisco, being 3,500 miles. Our lighthouses exceed in number those of any other country, and we have no light-dues, as in England. Our coast survey, executed by Professor Bache, Superintendent of the U. S. Coast Survey, exceeds in extent and accuracy that of any other country. On this subject, we have the united opinions of British and Continental savans. We have made since 1790, 1,505,454 linear miles of survey of the public lands of the United States, belonging to the Government, including 460,000,000 of acres already divided into townships, each six miles square (23,040 acres), subdivided into square miles, called sections, of 640 acres each, and each section further subdivided into 16 lots of 40 acres each. TONNAGE.--The total tonnage of the United States was in-- 1814, 1,368,127 tons. June, 1851, 3,772,439 " June, 1861, 5,539,812 " At the same rate of increase as from 1851 to 1861, our tonnage would be, in 1871, 8,134,578 tons. 1881, 11,952,817 " 1891, 17,541,514 " 1901, 25,758,948 " (_Table of Com. and Nav._) At the close of this century our tonnage then, at this rate of increase, would far exceed that of all the rest of the world. GOLD AND SILVER.--The aggregate product of our gold and silver mines approaches now _one billion of dollars_, most of which has been converted into coin at our mint. Nearly all of this product has been obtained since the discovery of gold in California. Less than two per cent. of the precious metals has been the product of the seceded States. This gold and silver are found now in seven States, and nine Territories; the yield is rapidly augmenting, and new discoveries constantly developed.