'The traders, knowing for years before, that the whites will purchase lands, sell the Indians goods on credit, expecting to realize their pay from the consideration to be paid by the Government. They thus become interested instruments to obtain the consent of the Indians to the treaty. And by reason of their familiarity with the language, and the associations of half-breed relatives, are possessed of great facilities to accomplish their object. The persons deputed by the Government to effect a treaty are compelled to procure their cooperation, and this they do by providing that their debts shall be paid. The traders obtain the concurrence of the Indians by refusing to give them further credit, and by representing to them that they will receive an immense amount of money if they sell their lands, and thenceforth will live at ease, with plenty to eat, and plenty to wear, and plenty of powder and lead, and of whatever else they may request. After the treaty is agreed to, the amount of ready money is absorbed by the _exorbitant demands of the traders_, and _the expenses of the removal of the Indians to their reservations_! 'After that the trader no longer looks to the Indian for his pay; he gets it from their annuities. He, therefore, does not use the same means to conciliate their good will that he did when he was dependent upon their honesty. Claims for depredations upon white settlers are also deducted out of their moneys before they leave Washington, on _insufficient testimony_; and these are always, when based on fact, _double the actual loss_; for the Indian Department is notoriously corrupt, and the hand manipulating the machinery _must be crossed with gold_! The 'expenses' of obtaining a claim enter into the amount demanded and allowed. The demand is not only generally unjust, but, instead of its being deducted from the moneys of the wrong doer, _it is taken from the annuities of all_! This course punishes the innocent and rewards the guilty, because the property taken by the depredator is of more value than the slight percentage he loses. 'Many of the stipulations as to establishing schools and furnishing them with farming utensils, are never carried out. Building and supply contracts are entered into without investigation at outrageous prices, and goods belonging to the Indians are put into the traders' stores, and _sold to their owners_, and the moneys realized _shared by the trader and the Agent_!' Bishop Whipple, of Minnesota, in his appeal for the red man, confirms this statement beyond doubt or question: