The Continental Monthly, Vol. 6, No. 6, December 1864: Devoted To Literature And National PolicyVarious
History
The Continental Monthly, Vol. 6, No. 6, December 1864: Devoted To Literature And National Policy
Various
Literature, Modern -- 19th century -- Periodicals; United States -- Politics and government -- 19th century -- Periodicals
It is not often that coins have been used as vehicles of wit or for
plays upon words, but there are examples upon record. Some of the German
coins represent in the legends the years in which they were minted. A
coin of Gustavus Adolphus also is an excellent illustration of this
practice. The legend is: 'ChrIstVs DVX ergo trIVMphVs.' Take the
capitalized letters or numerals from the words, and arrange them in
their proper order, and you have 1627, the year in which the coin was
struck. Upon a coin of Trio Lucretius, a member of the _Lucretia gens_,
who would have remained unknown to this day but for his coin, a case of
punning by means of types occurs. The obverse has the head of Apollo;
the reverse, the crescent moon and seven stars, or rather _triones_--the
constellation of the Ursa Major. The sun and moon refer to the family
name, while the _triones_ are an allusion to the surname. Pope Urban
VIII., with execrable taste and questionable wit, upon repairing certain
roads, struck a medal with the legend: _Beati qui custodiunt meas vias_,
'Blessed are they who keep my ways.' The 'speaking types' of the ancient
Grecian coins are very curious. The coinage of Rhodes has a rose for a
type, which flower bears the same name as the island. The coins of Side
have a pomegranate, in Greek, _side_ ([Greek: side]); Melos, the apple,
in Greek, _melon_ ([Greek: melon]); Ancona, in Italy, the elbow, in
Greek, _ancon_ ([Greek: agkon]); Cardia, the heart, in Greek, _cardia_
[Greek: kardia].
The coins of Constantine the Great, 306 A.D., will always remain of
peculiar interest, as connected with the early history of Christianity.
Constantine, after forcing his brother-in-law, Licinius, from his
Eastern dominions, built Constantinople, and made Christianity the state
religion. The principal emblem upon his coins is the Labarum, or sacred
banner, bearing the monogram of Christ--the letters [Greek: Ch] and
[Greek: R]--being the initials of [Greek: CHRISTOU], the angles of which
are occupied by the first and last letters of the Greek alphabet, Alpha
and Omega, in allusion to Christ's declaration in Revelation. A rarer
type of Constantine's coins has the monogram, and the legend, _In hoc
signo vinces_. The _signum_ was the vision of a beautiful cross in the
heavens, which was presented to the view of Constantine, near Milan,
during his march against Maxentius. To this cross he attributed both his
victory and conversion. These Christian emblems remained upon the coins
of his successors until the reign of Julian the Apostate, who removed
them and substituted pagan emblems. Nor do they again appear until the
accession of Michael Rhangabe (811-813), when the bust and sometimes the
full length of Christ is on the obverse, with the _nimbus_, and the
legend, _Jesus Christus nica(tor) rex regnantium_. Upon the reverse, the
emperor, with a singular degree of boldness, is seated by the side of
the Virgin, the two holding aloft the banner of the cross.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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