In not a few instances I found the insane in solitary confinement, simply on account of their mental disease, while the criminals enjoyed the companionship of their fellows. Every convention of life is swept away when these unfortunate people enter the jails. Women are bathed by men in the presence of male prisoners, persons with elusions of sin and impending punishment lie in cells which face the gallows, the weak and helpless are not even protected from physical violence, and, in most cases, there is not the slightest semblance of personal care or nursing. The jailers feel that they have discharged their full duty if the insane are prevented from escaping. Persons convicted of serious crimes enter the jails, serve their sentences and regain their liberty while the insane, who have led upright lives and have contributed by their honest toil to the prosperity of their state, lie in their cells without hope of release. A pathetic fact is that the counties pay the sheriffs more just for feeding the poor people than their care would cost in the state hospitals for the insane. It is needless to dwell further on the inhumanity and the injustice of confining the insane in the county jails. It constitutes a blot upon the honor of the state which every citizen would demand erased were the actual facts widely known. BIBLIOGRAPHY THE COUNTY GENERALLY _Books and Collections of Papers_ American Academy of Political and Social Science, Philadelphia, “County Government....” (_Its_ Annals, v. 47, whole No. 136.) May, 1913. 326 pp. FAIRLIE, JOHN A., _Local Government in Counties, Towns and Villages_. New York, The Century Co., 1906. 289 pp. (The American State series) Bibliography. The New York short ballot organization: _Proceedings of the First Conference for better County Government_. Schenectady, N. Y., Nov. 13-14, 1914. _Book References_ BEARD, C. A. _American Government and Politics._ New and rev. ed. New York, The Macmillan Co., 1914. 788 pp. See Index under county. BRISTOW, A. S. H. “Counties.” (In _American and English Encyclopædia of Law_. 2nd ed. Northport, N. Y., 1898. V. 7:898-972.) CLARK, F. H. _Outlines of Civics_; being a supplement to Bryce’s _American Commonwealth_, abridged edition, ... New York and London, The Macmillan Company, 1899. 261 pp. “The County”: pp. 148-178. FAIRLIE, J. A. “County Government.” (In _Cyclopædia of American Government_, New York, 1914. V. I: 492-497.) FISHER, S. B. “Counties.” (In Mack, William, _ed._ _Cyclopædia of Law and Procedure._ New York, 1904. V. II: 325-615.) FISKE, J. _Civil Government in the United States, Considered with some Reference to its Origin._ New ed., with additions. Boston, New York, Houghton, Mifflin & Co. 1904, 378 pp. See Index under county. FLICKINGER, J. R. _Civil Government as Developed in the States and in the United States._ Boston, D. C. Heath & Co., 1901. 350 pp. See Index under county.