The organic remains contained in the upper, or triassic group, differ
considerably from those of the lower division of beds.—While the same
families of vegetable fossils are preserved which characterized the
coal-measures, the particular species and genera have disappeared.
About twenty species of ferns and coniferæ, a few calamites, several
fucoid plants, and a gigantic genus named _Voltzia_, and resembling
the Araucaria or Norfolk Island fir, comprise the thinly-scattered
specimens of the flora of the period. The quarries at Coventry yield some
undetermined stems of trees, and leaves like those of our thick-ribbed
cabbages have been found in the strata near Liverpool. The animal remains
are more numerous as well as varied in their structures; some, indeed,
altogether anomalous in their organization, and foot-prints of the most
puzzling characters and dimensions. There are several new types of
mollusca and crinoidea, among the latter the _Encrinus formosus_, one of
the most beautiful forms in any department of the animal kingdom. The
fishes of the placoid order consist of seven genera and fourteen species,
of ganoids three genera and seven species. The REPTILIA supply the
marvels of the period. Prof. Owen has described six distinct genera from
these singular fossils, in which he has established an affinity to the
batrachia. From the curiously-complicated texture of the teeth, the term
_labyrinthodon_ has been given to one genus, while the same authority
suggests, that the foot-impressions to which the term _cheirotherium_
had already been applied, might belong to this animal. The two genera,
_claydyodon_ and _rhyncosaurus_, are remarkable specimens of organic
structure, the latter combining the lacertian type of skull, with
edentulous jaws, which impart to the forepart of the head the profile of
a parrot.
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