What shall be said of the next figure that crosses the tragic stage,
during this age of tyrant prodigies? The Iguanodon—a gigantic herbivorous
lizard—is related to a family of harmless creatures (_Iguana_), which
swarm in the West Indies, and in all the tropical forests of America,
in certain peculiarities of the teeth greatly differing from those
of other reptiles. The largest of living Iguanas, do not exceed five
feet in length: the extinct genus attained a longitude of upward of
twenty-eight to thirty feet. The caudal member was about thirteen, head
three, trunk with sacrum twelve, and the girth of the body about fifteen
feet. The teeth resemble the teeth of the rhinoceros as to bulk and
general appearance, and, consisting as they do of incisors and molars,
were recognized to belong to the order of herbivorous quadrupeds. The
thigh-bone exceeds that of the largest-sized elephant, being from four
to five feet in height, and presenting a circumference of nearly two
feet in its smallest part. This animal, at its first discovery, was
supposed to have attained the exaggerated proportions of nearly a hundred
feet in length. But even under the reduced dimensions and more accurate
deductions of Professor Owen, confirmed by those of Dr. Mantell, there
is still size sufficient, as well as peculiarities of structure, to
lead us to regard it as one of the wonders of geology. One femur of a
recently-discovered Iguanodon is twenty-seven inches in circumference,
and must have been nearly five feet in length; and a tibia, found with
the same, is four feet long. Dr. Melville has established the important
physiological fact, that the cervical and anterior dorsal vertebræ were
convexo-concave,—that is, convex in front and concave behind, as in
the existing pachyderms; while the reverse form, the concavo-convex,
predominates in the existing crocodilians and lizards. It is farther
established, that in the Iguanodon, as in many fossil and recent
reptiles, the anterior extremities were much shorter and less bulky
than the posterior. As in the existing family, so in the extinct, the
huge body was ornamented with a horn of bone which projected from the
nose. This nasal organ seems to have been worn more for decoration than
for use; unless, perhaps, to assist in perforating its way through
the thickets of vegetation on which it subsisted, to push aside an
unwelcome intruder upon his pasturage, or as a mere set-off against
the unprecedented length of tail. Imagine a herd of these monsters
feeding in a prairie—the denizens of a period when all things partook
of the gigantic! “The concurrence of peculiarities so remarkable,” says
Buckland, “as the union of this nasal horn with a mode of dentition
of which there is no example, except in the Iguanas, affords one of
the many proofs of the universality of the laws of co-existence, which
prevailed no less constantly throughout the extinct genera and species
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Elsewhere in the archive
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account