3. The reptiles and semi-natants of the tertiary period lead to the same general conclusions. The intercourse now so closely established betwixt this country and Borneo throws new light, every day more and more, upon the ancient condition of our island. The resemblance, both in the fauna and flora of these remote places, is striking throughout; when, for _space_ on the one hand we substitute _time_ on the other, we have nearly a transcript of their respective conditions. The northern swarmed with the crocodiles of the southern hemisphere: the boa constrictor has his representatives in the serpents of the London clay; and turtles, both of marine and fresh water characters, are equally abundant. The Pythonic monster is also there, represented by reptilians which now only inhabit tropical countries, and prey on quadrupeds and birds, both of which became abundant during the tertiary age. 4. The mammalia consisted of large pachyderms or thick-skinned animals, now represented by the rhinoceros, tapir, and elephant. Wolves, foxes, and raccoons, mice, rats, rabbits, hogs, even monkeys, began also to flit over the stage of stirring life. The existence of the order Quadrumana and the ape genus Macacus, during the earlier tertiary period, was determined by the discovery of the fragment of a lower jaw, including the socket of the last molar tooth, in a stratum of blue clay in Suffolk, and described in the “Magazine of Natural History,” for 1839, by Professor Owen. Other remains have been detected of the same animal in France, the East Indies, and South America, establishing beyond a doubt the co-existence of four different genera of apes and monkeys with the extinct mammalians of the English tertiary deposits.—That these creatures were anterior to MAN, in point of creation, is in accordance with all geological evidence regarding the animal kingdom. The progressive development theory avails itself of the fact, but can establish less upon it than if it took the example of the bat—which, in anatomical structure, resembles the human family scarcely less than the monkey! But geographically considered, it furnishes a striking instance of the wonderful revolution which this island has undergone since the comparatively recent epoch of the tertiary formation. Images and pictures of life are thus called up in the vista of the past, which at once transport the mind into the bosom of the wilderness or remote Afric forest; and long ere man had betaken himself to cities, or a stone of all that huge capital had been dug out of the earth, or a sail of all its vast commercial greatness had been wafted over the waters, the very spot on which he has developed the greatest resources of his power, enterprise, and genius, was tenanted by those tribes which approach him nearest in form, which philosophers have mistaken for his type, but in which the semblance of external figure is lamentably contrasted by the absence of all that moral framework, mind, and spirit, which