From the British strata alone, no less than three thousand and upward
of fossil teeth have been dug up belonging to this colossal animal.
These are found chiefly in the drift along the east coast of England,
from Robin Hood’s Bay, near Whitby, to Holderness. In a period of little
more than thirteen years, the fishermen of the village of Happisburgh
have dragged up more than two thousand grinders of the mammoth. In the
valley of the Thames the relics have been discovered very numerously,
at Sheppey, Woolwich, the Isle of Dogs, Lewisham,—in the gravel beneath
the streets of London,—at Kensington, Kew, Wallingford, Oxford,—and all
around the south-east coast from Brighton to Lyme-Regis, in Dorsetshire.
The central counties of Stafford, Northampton, Warwick, and York, are
everywhere strewed a few feet under ground with these remains. At Stroud,
a railway section laid open a tusk, measuring nine feet in length; and
everywhere in the British Channel the fishery of the extinct quadruped is
as ardently pursued, and often is as remunerative, as the fishery of the
finny tribes themselves now existing on our shores.
These animals, once filling the plains of England with herds equaled only
by those of the buffalo race which now darken the prairies of America,
have fulfilled their destiny, and have perished from the earth. “The
difference,” says Professor Owen, “between the extinct and existing
species of elephant in regard to the structure of the teeth, has been
more or less manifested by every specimen of fossil elephant’s tooth
that I have hitherto seen from the British strata; and those now amount
to upward of three thousand. Very few of them could be mistaken, by a
comparative anatomist, for the tooth of an Asiatic elephant, and they are
all obviously distinct from the peculiar molars of the African elephant.”
Cuvier ascertained like distinctions between the extinct and the existing
Indian elephants; and concluded, from the reconstruction of the complete
framework, that the mammoth type is no longer in being.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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