France -- Court and courtiers; France -- History -- Louis XV, 1715-1774
Having thus drawn the portrait of Louis XV., D’Argenson says in
speaking of the Queen: “She attracts by certain attentions, she repels
by making her friendship too common. Her rank is a rallying signal
and, since the King has declared mistresses, those who inveigh against
scandal attach themselves to her for the sake of displeasing the King
and the favorite. Their murmurs are proportioned to the royal patience.”
In 1745 Marie Leczinska, who is the King’s senior by seven years, has
arrived at the age of forty-two. When her tenth child was born, July
15, 1737, Madame Louise, who was one day to become a Carmelite, some
one asked the King, who already had six living children, if the little
princess should be called Madame Seventh. He answered: “Madame Last.”
Thenceforward the Queen was neglected. Her husband has treated her with
frigid politeness, but has always kept her at a distance; he never
speaks to her except before witnesses. On New Year’s day he gives her
no presents. Not the least intimacy, the slightest unconstraint. The
short daily visits he pays her are matters of decorum, formalities of
etiquette. The Queen eats by herself. Between her apartments and those
of the King there is a barrier which she never crosses. The familiar
life and the cabinet suppers are not for her. Separated from each other
by the Peace Salon, the Gallery of Mirrors, and the Council Chamber,
each of the spouses has a life apart.
Marie Leczinska is the only person who maintains at Versailles the
ceremonious representation of the court of the great King, not
through pride, but out of respect for principles. By eleven o’clock
in the morning she has already heard one Mass, seen the King for an
instant, received her children and the little entries; at noon the
state toilette and the great entries. At one o’clock Marie Leczinska
hears a second Mass. At two o’clock she dines in public,[20] served
by her maid of honor and four ladies in full dress. A low balustrade
separates her from a crowd, always curious to be present at this
repast and to contemplate the features of a justly honored queen.
Toward six in the evening she plays the game of loto then in fashion,
the _Cavagnole_. When the King is present, she never sits down
until he bids her do so, and ’tis a wonder if the pair exchange a few
syllables. At ten the Queen withdraws, and after supper she sees a very
restricted circle: the Duke and Duchess de Luynes, Mesdames de Villars
and de Chevreuse, Minister Maurepas, Cardinals de Tencin and de Luynes,
President Hénault, Moncrif, and sometimes old Fontenelle. On Sundays
the presentation of ladies takes place. It is also the day chosen for
the taking of tabourets. The ceremonies occur in the room called the
Queen’s Salon,[21] contiguous to the sleeping-chamber. The sovereign’s
chair is placed at the back of the room on a platform covered by a
canopy.[22] “By a few words, a nod, a glance, a smile, Marie Leczinska
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