Zimbrakaki, with Veloudaki and other Cretan chiefs, and Soliotis of the Greeks, commanded at Krapi, and Coroneos at Kallikrati, and the affair ended as had all the former attacks, Mehmet being driven back to his camp, and Omar to Episkopi. These were affairs of sharpshooters entirely, where no opportunity of employing discipline for the attack offered, and the troops exposed themselves to a fusillade which they could not reply to. But, with the irritation of defeat, the Ottoman Generalissimo gave way to the most brutal impulses of revenge. Villages which had just submitted, and whose people had remained within the Turkish lines, were put to sack, and the last outrages of war perpetrated on the inhabitants. The rumor which accompanied the Serdar Ekrem, that in spite of his professions of moderation and legality (as opposed to Mustapha's policy) he had secret orders to stamp out the disaffection by the severest rigor, found now clear confirmation. What under the Commissioner, subsequent to Arkadi, was variable and overlooked barbarity in the subordinates, was, under the Generalissimo, the law and order of things, and he himself partook of the plunder of the defenceless, and rejuvenated the lusts of his old age with the pick of the captive Cretan maidens. The testimony of several of the European officers in the army was offered me, proving that Omar Pasha dishonored even his adopted country by his violation of his word, by his depravity and his cruelty, and himself set the example to his army of everything which could add to the misery and despair of unhappy Crete. It is as natural for the Turkish authorities to deny as for the Christians to exaggerate the atrocities committed, but evidence of a nature not to be rejected, or even questioned in its general import, establishes that the policy adopted was one of subduing Crete by terror, and to this end full license was given to the soldiery. One entry in a memorandum book kept by Geissler (Dilaver Pasha), Omar's chief of artillery, and which I had the chance to read, said, noting the entry into one of the villages near Goïdaropolis: "O. Pasha ordered the division to ravage and rape." All villages were burned, and all prisoners murdered or worse. The chiefs of four villages who came to make their submission were at once beheaded. The population invariably fled to the high mountains on the approach of the troops. It will hardly be edifying to follow further in detail this barbarity; and with the general statement that the policy here indicated was followed throughout Omar's campaign unflinchingly, and that the French consul was refused permission to accompany Omar in his movements, that no civilized witness might bring his deeds to light, I shall drop the theme, which sickens me to recall even at this long interval. My duty then compelled me to investigate, as now to declare, these things, but I spare the civilized world and myself any further recital of the deeds of the Croat Pasha.