4. W. A., age 42. “A desperate burglar, and will assuredly use firearms.” A smith, native of Middlesex. Several scars. PLATE X. 1. J. C., age 32. Shoemaker by trade, native of London. “A daring burglar; will probably use firearms.” Tattooed. 2. M. A. L., age 28. Factory hand, born at Sheffield. “A dangerous thief,” who has had eight years’ penal servitude for assault and robbery. 3. W. K., age 40. “A dangerous thief, with several convictions.” 4. R. W., age 23. Born at Hartlepool. “A dangerous man.” Larceny. PLATE XI. The heads in this and the following Plate are chiefly Italian, and taken from Lombroso’s _Uomo Delinquente_. 1. Desroues, poisoner. 2. Cartouche. 3. B. S., Piedmontese forger. 4. Incendiary (and cinæedus) of Pesaro, nicknamed “the woman.” PLATE XII. ITALIAN BRIGANDS. 1. A Calabrian brigand. 2. Carbone, a brigand chief. 3. A Basilicata brigand. 4. Venafro di Caspoli, brigand. PLATE XIII. FRENCH CRIMINALS (from Corre’s _Les Criminels_). 1. Tropmann, an Alsatian mechanic, aged 19, who assassinated a family of eight persons. 2. Pranzini, thief, and murderer of three persons. 3. Oillic, age 27, Breton sailor, leader in the murder of the officers of the _Fœderis Arca_. Hair black, laughs continually, very energetic, very intemperate “without ever losing his head.” 4. Carbuccia, age 26, a Corsican, who co-operated very actively in the same tragedy. Abandoned in childhood; very intelligent and very violent. Intemperate; handwriting tremulous like that of an old man. PLATE XIV. Composite photograph of eleven criminals undergoing physical training at Elmira. PLATE XV. Composite photograph of thirty-eight criminals undergoing physical training at Elmira. APPENDIX B. _The Congress of Criminal Anthropology at Paris._ The second International Congress of Criminal Anthropology was held in August 1889 at Paris, in the large amphitheatre of the Faculty of Medicine. A very considerable audience assembled here during the week over which the Congress extended. Many distinguished representatives of science, law, medicine, and the administrative world came from very various countries, and official representatives were present from France, Italy, Russia, Holland, Belgium, the United States, Denmark, Sweden, Roumania, Servia, Brazil, Mexico, Peru, Paraguay, and Hawaii. Great Britain, it will be observed, was only conspicuous by its absence. Among those who took part in the proceedings of the Congress may be mentioned M. Thévenet, the Minister of Justice, Dr. Brouardel, the Dean of the Medical Faculty of Paris, and President of the Congress, MM. Théophile Roussel, Lombroso, Ferri, Garofalo, Moleschott, Lacassagne, Demange, Van Hamel, Semal, Ladame, Benedikt, Tarde, Wilson, Tenchini, Motet, Manouvrier, Alphonse Bertillon, Bournet, Féré, Coutagne, Letourneau, Mme. Clémence Royer, Drill, Clark Bell, Magnan, Topinard, Delasiauve, and the General Secretary of the Congress, Dr. Magitot.