Noah, God’s covenant with him required the capital punishment of beasts, 168 Novels, morbific influence of sensational, 253 Numa Pompilius, quoted, 106; his law for protecting boundary stones, 183 Origen, believed in the ultimate redemption of Satan, 68 Osenbrüggen, Eduard, his theory of the personification of animals, 10, 17 Ovid, quoted, 101, 103 Oxen, executed, 168; punished although innocent, 183 Pachacutez, barbarous code of this Peruvian Justinian, 179 Papal See, trial and punishment of corpses by the, 198 Pape, Guy, cited, 108 Paracelsus, on the magnetic power of the will, 126 Pardoning power, exercise of the, 248 Parsis, their Dasturs, 59; co-workers of Ahuramazda, 61, 82; no doctrine of atonement, 63 Pasteur, exterminates noxious microbes, 62 Patriotism as a perverter of justice, 185 Pausanias cited, 172 Penology, man and beast in modern, 14, 193; mediæval and modern, 15, 200, 206-210; in Italy and Germany, 203-206; brutality of mediæval, 206-209; moral and penal responsibility, 210; still inchoate, 15, 219-223, 257; deterrent aims of, 211, 248, 249; law of the survival of the fittest in, 221-223; punitive and preventive, 237; its relation to psycho-pathology, 248 Pereira Gomez, forerunner of Descartes, 66 Perjury, retaliative punishment of, 182 Perrodet, Jean, defender of inger, 118 Phlebotomy. _See_ Blood-letting Pico di Mirandola, quoted, 103 Piety, market value of, 7 Pigs. _See_ Swine Pirminius, St., his anathema of venomous reptiles, 29 Plato, his theory of creation, 59; on homicidal animals, 173; on retributive and preventive punishment, 237 Pliny, quoted, 103 Pollux, Julius, quoted, 172 Potter, a pious Sodomite executed, 148 Predestination in theology and science, 232-234 Prussia, barbarous punishments, 180; opposed to reform, 205 Prytaneion (Prytaneum), condemned inanimate objects for crime, 172; but not corpses, 199 Pufendorf, Samuel, on contagiousness in crime, 256 Puritans, their penal enactments, 209 Pythagoras, his doctrine of transmigration, 87 Queen Reason, her discourse on animals in reply to King Mode, 56-58 Racine, his caricature of beast trials in _Les Plaideurs_, 166, 361 Ram, banished to Siberia, 175 Randolph, his allusion to rhyming rats, 130 Rats, prosecution of, 18-21, 136; friendly letters of advice to, 129; Irish custom of rhyming, 130 Raven, an imp of Satan, 57 Renaud d’Alleins, on equal rights of Waldenses and rats, 20 Responsibility, moral and penal, 210 Reusch, Prof. Dr. Fr. Heinrich, denounces bishops as promoters of superstition, 14 Ro-ro-ro-ro, an anti-semitic devil cast out in 1842, 73 Rosarius, Hierolymus, describes the exposure of crucified lions and gibbeted wolves as a warning to their kind, 251; regards animals as often more rational than men, 252