Prime minister contrasted with president, 292-294. Primogeniture, abolition of, 71. Proprietary governments, 65, 71. Providence, R.I., barbecue and mob at, 339. Public lands, 188. Putnam, Israel, 151. Putnam, Rufus, 203. Quebec act, 18. Quesnay, François, 141. Quorum, how to make a, 311. Railroads, political influence of, 60. Randolph, Edmund, 229, 233, 235, 239, 242, 246, 265, 269, 275, 276, 277, 282, 300, 303, 335, 337. Rayneval, Gérard de, 21. Read, George, 242, 274. Reform, parliamentary, 6. Religious freedom, progress in, 76-87. Religious tests opposed by Massachusetts clergymen, 322. Representation of slaves, 258-262. Representatives, House of, 236, 252. Republican party, 238. Republics, old notion that they must be small in area, 59. Reserve, Connecticut's western, 194. Revenue bills, 270. Revere, Paul, 327. Revolution, American, its conservative character, 64; the French, 64, 118. Rhode Island, government of, 65; extends franchise to Catholics, 77; on the five per cent. duty, 104; paper money in, 172-177; opposes the closing of the Mississippi, 211; does not send delegates to Philadelphia, 222; delays her ratification of the Constitution, 345. Richmond, Duke of, 2, 16. Rittenhouse, David, 111. Rockingham, Marquis of, 4; instability of his ministry, 5; its excellent work, 7; his death, 15. Rodney's victory over Grasse, 12, 13. Roman republic not like the United States, 59. Rousseau, J.J., 64, 117. Rutgers, Elizabeth, 127. Rutledge, John, 228, 243, 261, 265, 278, 279, 281, 300, 334. St. Clair, Arthur, 197, 206. Saladin and Coeur-de-Lion, 161. Sandy Hook light-house, 147. Sargent, Winthrop, 203. Schuyler, Philip, 126, 146, 151, 193. Scott, Sir Walter, 153. Scottish representation in Parliament, 249. Seabury, Samuel, 84. Secession, threats of, 211, 218; no constitutional right of, 344. Secrecy of the debates in Federal Convention, 230. Sedgwick, Theodore, 122, 319. Self-government, 57, 63, 88. Senate, federal, made independent of lower house, 253; contrasted with House of Lords, 295. Senates, origin of, 66. Seven Years' War, 13, 188. Sevier, John, 200. Shattuck, Job, 180. Shays rebellion, 180-182, 218, 243, 316, 319, 325. Sheffield, Lord, protectionist, 137; on the Barbary pirates, 160. Shelburne, William, Earl of, his character, 4; his memorandum on proposed cession of Canada, 11; prime minister, 16; approached by Rayneval and Vaughan, 22; misjudged by Fox, 40; defends the treaty, 43; resigns, 44; his conduct justified by his enemies, 45; understood the principles of free trade, 4, 134. Shepard, William, 180, 181. Sherman, Roger, 229, 243, 250, 255, 267, 274, 276, 279, 283, 299, 313; his suggestion as to relations of the executive to the legislature, 278, 280, 298. Shillings, 165. Ship-building in New England, 137-139. Shute, Rev. Daniel, 322. Sidney, Algernon, 64. Singletary, Amos, 322, 324, 325. Six Nations, 190, 203.