The Criticism of the Fourth Gospel: Eight Lectures on the Morse Foundation, Delivered in the Union Seminary, New York in October and November 1904Sanday, W. (William)
Religion
The Criticism of the Fourth Gospel: Eight Lectures on the Morse Foundation, Delivered in the Union Seminary, New York in October and November 1904
Sanday, W. (William)
Bible. John -- Criticism, interpretation, etc.
There is nothing very special in connexion with the unnamed feast; and
the Passover of vi. 4 is mentioned only by the way. But in the account
of the Feast of Tabernacles there is a precise touch in vii. 37, ‘on the
last day, the great day of the feast.’ This shows accurate knowledge,
because the last day was kept as a sabbath with an ‘holy convocation’
(Lev. xxiii. 36). Whether, as many have supposed, our Lord’s words on
this day (‘If any man thirst, let him come unto me, and drink’) were
suggested by the libations of water from Siloam poured out during the
feast, is a question of association that is hardly capable of proof, but
may be true[47].
There is nice accuracy in the picture presented by xi. 55-7:—
‘Now the passover of the Jews was at hand: and many went up to
Jerusalem out of the country before the passover, to purify
themselves. They sought therefore for Jesus, and spake one with
another, as they stood in the temple, What think ye? That he will
not come to the feast? Now the chief priests and the Pharisees had
given commandment, that, if any man knew where he was, he should
shew it, that they might take him.’
The strictest ritualistic purity was required of those who took part in
the feast. ‘Every man,’ said R. Isaac, ‘is bound to purify himself for
the feast’ (Lightfoot, _Hor. Hebr._ ad loc.). The purifying might take
quite seven days, and during this time the pilgrims to the feast would
be standing about and often conversing among themselves, and the rumours
of the day would circulate freely among them.
There are several pointed allusions in the Gospel to the laws of
Levitical purity. The mention of the water-jars at the miracle of Cana
is one; the dispute of John’s disciples with a Jew about purifying is
perhaps another; we have just had a third; and a fourth is in xviii. 28,
where the Sanhedrists are prevented from entering the _praetorium_, in
order not to incur defilement, and so be prevented from eating the
passover[48]. These allusions are really, if we think of it, very
striking. They fit into the narrative with perfect ease and
appropriateness; and they are admirably natural if the author of the
Gospel was really St. John, a Christian brought up as a Jew, and even as
it would seem in some way personally connected with the priesthood, who
had been himself in the company of Jesus, had himself held intercourse
with disciples of the Baptist, and himself moved about among the crowds
and heard their comments. It is a wholly different thing if we are to
suppose that all these touches were thrown in by a Christian of the
third generation, who could only arrive at them by study and
imagination. Chwolson says expressly: ‘After the destruction of the
Temple all the regulations about cleanness and uncleanness, which were
closely connected with the sacrificial system, fell into disuse[49].’
The last instance that I will notice is xix. 31, which is full of the
same truth of detail.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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