Another amulet is the _tet_. The hieroglyph represents a mason’s table and the word signifies “firmness, stability, preservation.” These figures, made of faience, gold, carnelian, lapis-lazuli, and other materials, were placed on the neck of the mummy to afford protection.[339] The “papyrus scepter,” _uat_, is usually cut from matrix-emerald or made of faience of similar hue. _Uat_ means “verdure, flourishing, greenness”; placed on the neck of the mummy it was regarded as emblematic of the eternal youth it was hoped the deceased would enjoy in the realm of the dead. In the 159th chapter of the Book of the Dead, we read of an _uat_ of matrix-emerald; it was believed to be the gift of Thoth, serving to protect the limbs of the deceased.[340] The amulet representing the pillow, _urs_, was generally made of hematite. The 166th chapter of the Book of the Dead is sometimes engraved thereon. Dr. Budge renders this as follows: Rise up from non-existence, O prostrate one! They watch over thy head at the exalted horizon. Thou overthrowest thine enemies; thou triumphest over what they do against thee, as Horus, the avenger of his father, this Osiris[341] has commanded to be done for thee. Thou cuttest off the heads of thine enemies; never shall they carry off from thee thy head (?). Verily Osiris maketh slaughter at the coming forth of the heads of his enemies; may they never remove his head from him. Of all these amulets, the type most frequently encountered has the shape of a heart, _ab_. These are found of carnelian, green jasper, basalt, lapis-lazuli, and other hard materials. The heart, regarded in ancient Egypt as the seat of life, was the object of especial care after death. Enclosed in a special receptacle it was buried with the mummy, and the belief was that only after it had been weighed in the balance of the underworld, against the symbol of law, could it regain its place in the body of the deceased. The heart was symbolically represented by the scarab.[342] A fine example of a heart amulet shows on one side the figure of the goddess Neith with the pennu bird or phœnix, an emblem of the resurrection, and bears inscribed the chapter of the heart.[343] The following extract from the Book of the Dead treats of the formula to be recited over a funeral scarab cut from a hard stone, perhaps the lapis-lazuli. Egyptian tradition assigned this chapter to the reign of Semti, the fifth king of the 1st Dynasty, about 4400 B.C.[344] Chapter of not allowing a man’s heart to oppose him in the divine regions of the nether world.