decorations for kings, military chieftains, and matrons. He also ordered persons to descend into the deep waters and bring forth the shells, pearls, corals, etc. People were commanded to shear the fleece of sheep and other animals: by him also were invented the arts of spinning, weaving, cutting up, sewing and clothing. He next organized cities, villages, and streets; erected palaces and colonnades; introduced trade and commerce; and divided mankind into four classes. The first was composed of _Hírbeds_, _Mobeds_,[233] ascetics, and learned men, selected for maintaining the faith and enforcing the sentence of the laws: these are also called _Birman_ and _Birmun_;[234] that is, they resemble the _Barínían_ or supreme beings, the exalted angels: they also style them _Húristár_.[235] The second class consists of kings and intrepid warriors, who devote themselves to the cares of government and authority, to the promotion of equity and the curbing of oppression; those they call _Chatramán_, _Chatraman_, and _Chatrí_:[236] this word _Chatrí_ means a standard or distinction; as people of high rank have a _Chatra_,[237] or umbrella, to protect them with its shade, which they call _Sayah dar_ and _Sayah ban_; the people repose under the shade of the individuals of this class, who are also called _Núristár_.[238] The third class is composed of husbandmen, cultivators, artisans, skilful men, and mechanics; these are called _Bás_,[239] which is synonymous with _Bisyár_ or numerous; as this class should far exceed in number all the others. _Bás_ also means cultivation and improvement, results which altogether depend on this order――they are also styled _Suristár_.[240] The fourth class are destined for every kind of employment and service; they are called _Súdín_, _Súdí_, and _Súd_:[241] from them profit, indulgence, and ease accrue to society: they are also called _Rúzistar_.[242] He instituted these four classes,[243] the four elements of society, and the sources of organization were completed; independence and want appeared; there were produced the gradations of ruler and subject; of lord and servant; discipline and authority; justice and knowledge; kindness and severity; protection of the _Zindbar_ or kind treatment of innoxious creatures; destruction of the _Tundbar_ or noxious animals; the knowledge of God and the ceremonies of his worship. God also sent _Abád_ a code called the _Dasátir_,[244] in which are formed all languages and sciences. This work consisted of several volumes, containing a certain number for each dialect. In it was also the language called _Asmání_, or the Celestial, not a trace of which has remained in any of the languages spoken by the inhabitants of this lower world. _Abád_ also assigned a language to every nation, and settled each in a suitable place: and thus were produced the Parsi, Hindi, Greek and such like.