World War, 1914-1918 -- Campaigns -- Turkey -- Gallipoli Peninsula
Formidable as the Turkish onset had been, a still more serious peril
now threatened the expedition. For some days past, rumours of two
hostile submarines had reached the Staff. Since all communication
was by sea, since the guns were largely furnished by the fleet, and
even General Headquarters were afloat, no news more ominous could
have arrived. A foretaste of danger was given on May 13, when, in
the darkness, a Turkish destroyer slid silently down the strait and
torpedoed the battleship _Goliath_, lying at anchor off Morto Bay to
support the French flank. She was a fifteen-year-old ship (12,950
tons), and she sank at once, carrying down her captain, Thomas
Shelford, 19 officers, and over 500 men. As they drowned, they were
swept by the current past the _Cornwallis_, lying nearly a mile astern,
and their cries for help were pitiful. The _Cornwallis_ boats saved 56,
but only 183 were saved in all.[119]
[Sidenote: ARRIVAL OF HOSTILE SUBMARINES]
Nearly a fortnight later (May 25 and 27), a large German submarine,
U51, which had come round by Gibraltar (others perhaps hailed from the
Austrian naval base at Pola), struck two heavy blows in succession. Off
Anzac, the _Triumph_ (11,800 tons, completed 1904) lay at anchor, with
nets out. Suddenly she was struck by a torpedo, which cut through her
nets like thread. In ten minutes she sank, carrying down three officers
and sixty-eight men, within sight of the Anzac forces, which she had so
finely served. All of the Anzacs volunteered a month’s pay toward the
expense of salving her, but that was impossible. The next morning but
one, the _Majestic_ (Captain Talbot), 1895, 14,900 tons, Rear-Admiral
Stuart Nicholson’s flagship, lying at anchor close off Helles, her
nets out, and surrounded by small craft of all kinds, met the same
fate. The submarine picked her out as a good sportsman picks out the
king of a herd. Fortunately, she was prepared for the stroke, and only
forty-eight men were lost. She sank in six fathoms, listing heavily to
starboard, and then turning completely over, so that her keel remained
visible, like the back of a huge whale, above the surface till near the
end of the campaign, when she was blown up as an obstruction. On the
same day as the disaster to the _Triumph_, a submarine also aimed at
the _Vengeance_, the _Lord Nelson_ (Admiral de Robeck’s flagship), and
three of the French battleships. It was evident that the whole system
of naval action, anchorage, and supply must be changed.
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