As to military reinforcement, its necessity was obvious, since by the end of July the casualties amounted to nearly 50,000; in round numbers, 8000 killed, 30,000 wounded (many, of course, returned to service), and 11,000 missing (many killed).[142] The 29th Division was the best supplied with drafts, but on the last day of July it counted only 219 officers and 8424 men. As we have seen, the brigades of the 13th (Western) Division, under Major-General F. C. Shaw, began to arrive in the first half of July, and were stationed with the divisions at Helles to gain experience, which served them well.[143] The 11th (Northern) Division, under Major-General Frederick Hammersley, began to arrive early in the second half of July, two brigades being stationed at Imbros, and one (the 33rd) sent to Helles for a brief experience.[144] The 10th (Irish) Division, under Lieutenant-General Sir Bryan Mahon, arrived towards the end of July, and half of it was stationed at Mitylene (Lesbos) on the inlet of Iero (about 6 miles from the town of Mitylene), guarded by the old battleship _Canopus_ (Captain Grant).[145] These three Divisions belonged to the New (so-called Kitchener’s) Army. The infantry of two Territorial Divisions were also promised--the 53rd (Welsh) and 54th (East Anglian)--but they did not begin to arrive till August 10. They were about half below their nominal strength, and had no guns.[146] [Sidenote: AEROPLANES AND REINFORCEMENTS] As to aeroplanes, compared with subsequent developments the service was necessarily rather primitive. The six or eight seaplanes attached to the _Ark Royal_ were unable to rise to any great height--not over 2000 feet. Commander Charles Samson established an aerodrome at Tenedos early in the campaign for British and French planes,[147] and there was an emergency landing-place at Helles. In June, Tenedos was left to the French, and Colonel Frederick Sykes, R.N.A.S., took command over the two British wings (Commander Samson and Lieut.-Colonel Gerard) stationed at Imbros. At the end of July about 30 planes of different types were in action, doing excellent service in observation and photography. But none of them were “fighting machines,” and, as no anti-aircraft guns were supplied till just at the end of the campaign, the Turkish “Fokker” planes from Chanak were able to continue bombing our lines on the Peninsula and the General Headquarters at Imbros. On the sandy cliff beside the headquarters a large shed was erected for a few small airships, cigar-shaped, with silvery balloons (they were known as “Silver Babies”), which were used to scout over the channel between Imbros and the Peninsula on the watch for submarines. The late autumn gales tore the green canvas covering off the shed, and ultimately it was removed to Mudros.