to the truth than could otherwise be reached; so a system of ideal
ethical truths, expressing the absolutely right, will be applicable to
the questions of our transitional state in such ways that, allowing for
the friction of an incomplete life and the imperfection of existing
natures, we may ascertain with approximate correctness what is the
relatively right.
§ 105. In a chapter entitled "Definition of Morality" in _Social
Statics_, I contended that the moral law, properly so-called, is
the law of the perfect man--is the formula of ideal conduct--is the
statement in all cases of that which should be, and cannot recognize
in its propositions any elements implying existence of that which
should not be. Instancing questions concerning the right course to
be taken in cases where wrong has already been done, I alleged that
the answers to such questions cannot be given "on purely ethical
principles." I argued that:
"No conclusions can lay claim to absolute truth, but such as depend
upon truths that are themselves absolute. Before there can be
exactness in an inference, there must be exactness in the antecedent
propositions. A geometrician requires that the straight lines with
which he deals shall be veritably straight; and that his circles, and
ellipses, and parabolas shall agree with precise definitions--shall
perfectly and invariably answer to specified equations. If you put
to him a question in which these conditions are not complied with,
he tells you that it cannot be answered. So likewise is it with the
philosophical moralist. He treats solely of the _straight_ man. He
determines the properties of the straight man; describes how the
straight man comports himself; shows in what relationship he stands
to other straight men; shows how a community of straight men is
constituted. Any deviation from strict rectitude he is obliged wholly
to ignore. It cannot be admitted into his premises without vitiating
all his conclusions. A problem in which a _crooked_ man forms one of
the elements is insoluble to him."
Referring to this view, specifically in the first edition of the
_Methods of Ethics_, but more generally in the second edition, Mr.
Sidgwick says:
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