The dawn of astronomy: A study of the temple-worship and mythology of the ancient EgyptiansLockyer, Norman, Sir
Religion
The dawn of astronomy: A study of the temple-worship and mythology of the ancient Egyptians
Lockyer, Norman, Sir
Astronomy, Egyptian; Sun -- Mythology; Sun worship; Temples -- Egypt
This is so, and I now propose to give a general account of the
conclusions so far arrived at, but I must _in limine_ state that the
account must be a brief one and more suggestive than final, for the
reason that the lack of accurate local data stops the way.
In an inquiry of this kind it is well to work slowly out from the
known. The facts which have been given will, I think, cause it to be
generally agreed that in the temple of Isis at Denderah we have a
structure which the inscriptions, as well as astronomical inquiry, show
was certainly a temple oriented to Sirius. The other fact that New
Year's Day in the Nile valley was determined for thousands of years by
the heliacal rising of that star, is among the most familiar in the
domain of Egyptology.
Obviously, then, the first inquiry must refer to the possible existence
of other Sirian temples.
From 3285 B.C., when Sirius rose heliacally at the solstice, its
declination has varied from 24° S. to 16½° S. in 500 B.C. The
corresponding amplitudes for Thebes being 26½° and 18° S. of E.
Between these amplitudes we find the following temples:--
SIRIUS.
──────────────────┬──────┬────────────┬────────────┬────────────┬─────
│ │ Sea │ Hills 1° │ Hills 2° │
│ Amp. │ Horizon. │ High. │ High. │
Place and Temple. ├──────┼─────┬──────┼─────┬──────┼─────┬──────┤ Re-
│ S. │Dec. │Years.│ Dec.│Years.│ Dec.│Years.│marks.
│ of E.│ S. │ │ S.│ │ S. │ │
──────────────────┼──────┼─────┼──────┼─────┼──────┼─────┼──────┼──────
=Karnak= │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ see
(Temple O) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │below
(Gr.) │ 26°½ │ 24° │ 3300 │ 23½°│=3150=│ 23° │ 3050 │ 1
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
=Dêr el-Bahari= │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
(Gr.) │ 24½° │ 22¼ │ 2850 │ 21¾°│=2700=│ 21¼ │ 2575 │
=Dosche= │ 21½° │ 20¼ │ 2225 │ 19¾°│=2050=│ 19½°│ 2000 │
=Karnak= │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
(Temple D) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
(Gr.) │ 21½° │ 19½°│ 2000 │ 19° │=1800=│ 18½°│ 1600 │
=Naga= │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
(Temple G) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
(Gr.) │ 19° │ 18¼ │ 1500 │ 18° │=1400=│ 17¾°│ 1250 │
=Philæ= │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
(Ethiopian Temple)│ 19½° │ 18° │ 1400 │ 17½°│ 1100 │ 17°│ =800=│ 2
=Denderah= │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
(N.W. Temple) │ 18½° │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 3
──────────────────┴──────┴─────┴──────┴─────┴──────┴─────┴──────┴─────
Remarks 1
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