(Gr.) │ 46½° │ 40¾°│ 1500 │ 40° │=1250=│ 39½°│ 1050 │ =Medînet Habû= │ │ | │ │ │ │ │ │ (Ethiopian Temple)│ 45° │ 40° │ 1250 │ 39° │ =900=│ 38½°│ =500=│ 3. │ │ | │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────────────┴──────┴─────┴──────┴─────┴──────┴─────┴──────┴───── Remarks 1 Hills low. Remarks 2 Hills nearly 2° high. Remarks 3 The hills may be taken as a little over 1° high. The temple of Hathor at Abu Simbel, embellished by Rameses II., was in all probability a shrine dedicated to Amen-t-Hathor about 3200 B.C. Amen-t seems to have been an Ethiopian goddess, for we hear nothing of her at Heliopolis or Memphis. It follows that if this be so, Sirius succeeded to α Columbæ precisely as γ Draconis succeeded to Dubhe; but temples could still be dedicated to the old Hathor α Columbæ, while this was not possible for Dubhe, because it became circumpolar and never rose. [Illustration: CURVES SHOWING THE DECLINATIONS OF SOME OF THE STARS USED BY THE EGYPTIAN ASTRONOMERS AT DIFFERENT EPOCHS.] It may also be pointed out that the temple V of Lepsius at Karnak finds its place in a series by supposing it to have been oriented to the S.E. instead of the N.W. as shown in Lepsius' maps. Such a mistake might easily have arisen in consequence of its ruined condition. It may be stated in favour of my view that I am acquainted with no temple in Egypt directed between the amplitudes 35° and 90° N. of W. But so far we have dealt only with the summer solstice, and yet in Egypt there were people who lived in towns with E. and W. walls who, I take it, must have had a worship depending upon the equinoxes. About 3500 B.C., Antares (α Scorpii) rose heliacally at the autumnal equinox as α Columbæ did, as we have seen, at the summer solstice. There is not much doubt, from the symbol of Serk-t that this goddess represented a star in the Scorpion. Further, at that date its rising took place due east, so any E. and W. temple--and many existed in _Lower_ Egypt--might have been then used for observations of this star. But about the same time the southern star, α Centauri, could have been used to herald the sunrise at the autumnal equinox. α CENTAURI.