B.C. α Arietis Minerva Tegea R 1580 Jupiter Olympius Athens R 1202 Jupiter Olympia R 790 Temple (perhaps Juno) Platea S 650 Jupiter Megalopolis S 605 Temple at the Harbour Ægina S 580 Temple on Acropolis of Mycenæ R 540 Eastern doorway. The Metroum Olympia S 360 [Illustration: THE TEMPLE OF JUPITER OLYMPIUS BELOW THE ACROPOLIS, AT ATHENS, ORIENTED TO α ARIETIS.] The above are all intra-solstitial temples--that is, the sunlight as well as the light of the star can enter them--and this enables us to note a certain change of thought brought about in all probability by the artistic spirit of the Greeks. The Egyptian temples were all dark, often with a statue of a god or a reptile obscure in the naos, and many were oriented so that sunlight never entered them. Mr. Penrose points out that almost all the Greek temples are oriented so that sunlight can enter them. Of such temples we have the following twenty-nine:-- 7 examples from Athens. 3 " " Olympia. 2 " " Epidaurus. 2 " " Rhamnus. 2 " " Ægina. 2 " " Tegea. 1 " " Nemea. 1 " " Corcyra. 1 " " Sunium. 1 " " Corinth. 1 " " Bassæ. 1 " " Ephesus. 1 " " Platæa. 1 " " Lycosura. 1 " " Megalopolis. 2 " " Argos. Now in all these Greek temples, instead of the dark naos of the Egyptian building, we find the cella fully illumined and facing the entrance. Frequently, too, there was a chryselephantine statue to be rendered glorious by the coloured morning sunlight falling upon it, or, if any temple had the westerly aspect, by the sunset glow. It was perhaps this, combined eventually with the much later invention of water-clocks for telling the hours of the night, which led to the non-building of temples resembling those at Thebes and Denderah facing nearly north; of these, however, there are scattered examples; one of very remarkable importance, as it is a temple oriented to γ Draconis 1130 B.C., built therefore not very long after the temple M at Karnak, and this temple is at Bœotian Thebes! A better proof of the influence exerted by the Egyptians over the temple-building in Greece could scarcely be imagined. As Mr. Penrose remarks:-- "Thebes was called the City of the Dragon, and tradition records that Cadmus introduced both Phœnician and Egyptian worship."