[475] The constitutions of most of the states provide for the education of all their children, and the deaf could well be included here. Moreover, in the constitution of Nebraska (VIII., 12) there is a provision for children growing up in mendicancy and crime; and in that of Wyoming (VII., 18) that such charitable, penal or reformatory institutions shall be established as the claims of humanity and the public good many require. In either of these the provision might be construed to apply to schools for the deaf. [476] In the constitutions of some states, as Michigan, Mississippi, New York, and South Carolina, there were provisions in the preceding as well as the present drafts. [477] In the constitutions no reference is made to the deaf other than in provisions for schools, except in the case of Mississippi, where exemption from a certain tax is found. [478] In these constitutional references, the provision is as a rule found under some general head as "public institutions", "state institutions", or "miscellaneous". In the South Carolina constitution the provision is found under the caption "charitable", and in the North Carolina under "charitable and penal". Under the heading of "education" are the provisions in the constitutions of Arizona (one clause), Colorado (as an amendment), Michigan, Mississippi, New Mexico, Oklahoma (one clause), Texas (though under the sub-title "charitable"), Utah (one clause), and Virginia. [479] XXII., 15; XI., 1. [480] VIII., 1. A later amendment classifies it with the educational institutions of the state. [481] XIII., 1. Adopted the same year that the school was established. [482] X., 1. [483] VII., 1. [484] XI., 15. [485] X., 1; XI., 12. [486] XIII., 1. [487] VII., 1. [488] XII., 1; X., 4. [489] X., 10; XIX., 2, 3. [490] XIII., 1. [491] It is to be noted that in nearly all the states having government donations of land, reference is made to its inviolability. [492] XIX., 19. [493] IX., 1. [494] VIII., 209. [495] XII., 2; XXI., 1. [496] XII., 12. [497] XI., 10. [498] IX., 14, as amended. [499] XIV., 1. [500] XII., 11. [501] IX., 130. [502] VII., 9; XVI., 21. [503] IX., 159; XIX., 215. See also amendment, 1904, sec. 5. [504] XIV., 267. [505] VIII., 9, 14. [506] 53. CHAPTER XVI QUESTION OF THE CHARITY CONNECTION OF SCHOOLS INSTITUTIONS SOMETIMES REGARDED AS EDUCATIONAL: SOMETIMES AS CHARITABLE In considering the relation of the state to its schools for the deaf, the question is raised as to the way they are regarded by the state, and in what scheme of classification they have been assigned. We find that with many of the states the institutions are held to be charitable, and the further question is presented as to whether this is proper and just.