The decline of the West, Volume 1 : $b Form and actualitySpengler, Oswald
Philosophy
The decline of the West, Volume 1 : $b Form and actuality
Spengler, Oswald
Civilization -- History
One other point remains to be noted.[81] As a becoming always lies at
the base of the become, and as the world-picture representative of
becoming is that which history gives us, therefore history is the
_original_ world-form, and Nature—the fully elaborated world-mechanism—
is the _late_ world-form that only the men of a mature Culture can
completely actualize. In fact, the darkness encompassing the simple soul
of primitive mankinds, which we can realize even to-day from their
religious customs and myths—that entirely organic world of pure
wilfulness, of hostile demons and kindly powers—was through-and-through
a living and swaying whole, ununderstandable, indefinable, incalculable.
We may call this Nature if we like, but it is not what _we_ mean by
“nature,” i.e., the strict image projected by a knowing intellect. Only
the souls of children and of great artists can now hear the echoes of
this long-forgotten world of nascent humanity, but it echoes still, and
not rarely, even in the inelastic "nature"-medium that the city-spirit
of the mature Culture is remorselessly building up round the individual.
Hence that acute antagonism between the scientific (“modern”) and the
artistic (“unpractical”) world-idea which every Late period knows; the
man of fact and the poet do not and cannot understand one another. Hence
comes, too, that tendency of historical study, which must inevitably
contain an element of the childish, the dreamy, the Goethian, to dress
up as a science, to be (using its own naïve word) “materialistic,” at
the imminent risk of becoming a mere physics of public life.
“Nature,” in the exact sense, is a way of possessing actuality which is
special to the few, restricted to the megalopolitans of the late periods
of great Cultures, masculine, perhaps even senatorial; while History is
the naïve, youthful, more or less instinctive way that is proper to
_all_ men alike. At least, that is the position of the number-based,
unmystical, dissectable and dissected “Nature” of Aristotle and Kant,
the Sophists and the Darwinians, modern physics and chemistry, _vis-à-
vis_ the lived, felt and unconfined “Nature” of Homer and the Eddas, of
Doric and Gothic man. To overlook this is to miss the whole essence of
historical treatment. It is history that is the truly natural, and the
exact mechanically-correct “Nature” of the scientist that is the
artificial conception of world by soul. Hence the paradox that modern
man finds "nature"-study easy and historical study hard.
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