The decline of the West, Volume 1 : $b Form and actualitySpengler, Oswald
Philosophy
The decline of the West, Volume 1 : $b Form and actuality
Spengler, Oswald
Civilization -- History
In the two possible world-forms then—History and Nature, the physiognomy
of all becoming and the system of all things become—destiny _or_
causality prevails. Between them there is all the difference between a
feeling of life and a method of knowledge. Each of them is the starting-
point of a complete and self-contained, but not _of a unique_ world.
Yet, after all, just as the become is founded upon a becoming, so the
_knowledge_ of cause and effect is founded upon the sure _feeling_ of a
destiny. Causality is—so to say—destiny become, destiny made inorganic
and modelled in reason-forms. Destiny itself (passed over in silence by
Kant and every other builder of rational world-systems because with
their armoury of _abstractions_ they could not touch _life_) stands
beyond and outside all comprehended Nature. Nevertheless, being itself
the original, it alone gives the stiff dead principle of cause-and-
effect the opportunity to figure in the later scenes of a culture-drama,
alive and historical, as the incarnation of a tyrannical thinking. The
existence of the Classical soul is the _condition_ for the appearance of
Democritus’s method, the existence of the Faustian soul for that of
Newton’s. We may well imagine that either of these Cultures might have
failed to produce a natural science of its own, but we cannot imagine
the systems without their cultural foundations.
Here again we see how becoming and the become, direction and extension,
include one another and are subordinated each to the other, according as
we are in the historical or in the “natural” focus. If history is that
kind of world-order in which all the become is fitted to the becoming,
then the products of scientific work must _inter alia_ be so handled;
and, in fact, for the historical eye there is only a _history_ of
physics. It was Destiny that the discoveries of oxygen, Neptune,
gravitation and spectrum analysis happened as and when they did. It was
Destiny that the phlogiston theory, the undulatory theory of light, the
kinetic theory of gases could arise at all, seeing that they were
elucidations of results and, as such, highly personal to their
respective authors, and that other theories (“correct” or “erroneous”)
might equally well have been developed instead. And it is again Destiny
and the result of strong personality when one theory vanishes and
another becomes the lodestar of the physicist’s world. Even the born
physicist speaks of the “fate” of a problem or the “history” of a
discovery.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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