The decline of the West, Volume 1 : $b Form and actualitySpengler, Oswald
Philosophy
The decline of the West, Volume 1 : $b Form and actuality
Spengler, Oswald
Civilization -- History
And therewith that important word is given a positive meaning of the
highest significance which henceforward will be assumed in using it. In
the same way as we have elected to distinguish the Soul as the possible
and the World as the actual, we can now differentiate between _possible_
and _actual_ culture, i.e., culture as _an idea in the_ (general or
individual) _existence_ and culture as the _body_ of that idea, as the
total of its visible, tangible and comprehensible expressions—acts and
opinions, religion and state, arts and sciences, peoples and cities,
economic and social forms, speech, laws, customs, characters, facial
lines and costumes. _Higher history_, intimately related to life and to
becoming, _is the actualizing of possible Culture_.[43]
We must not omit to add that these basic determinations of meaning are
largely incommunicable by specification, definition or proof, and in
their deeper import must be reached by feeling, experience and
intuition. There is a distinction, rarely appreciated as it should be,
between experience as lived and experience as learned (zwischen Erleben
und Erkennen), between the immediate certainty given by the various
kinds of intuition—such as illumination, inspiration, artistic flair,
experience of life, the power of “sizing men up” (Goethe’s
“exact percipient fancy”)—and the product of rational procedure and
technical experiment.
The first are imparted by means of analogy, picture, symbol, the second
by formula, law, scheme. The become is experienced by learning—indeed,
as we shall see, the having-become is for the human mind identical with
the completed act of cognition. A becoming, on the other hand, can only
be experienced by living, felt with a deep wordless understanding. It is
on this that what we call “knowledge of men” is based; in fact the
understanding of history implies a superlative knowledge of men. The eye
which can see into the depths of an alien soul—owes nothing to the
cognition-methods investigated in the “Critique of Pure Reason,” yet the
purer the historical picture is, the less accessible it becomes to any
other eye. The mechanism of a pure nature-picture, such as the world of
Newton and Kant, is cognized, grasped, dissected in laws and equations
and finally reduced to system: the organism of a pure history-picture,
like the world of Plotinus, Dante and Giordano Bruno, is intuitively
seen, inwardly experienced, grasped as a form or symbol and finally
rendered in poetical and artistic conceptions. Goethe’s “living nature”
is a _historical_ world-picture.[44]
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Footnote 39:
The work referred to is embodied in Vol. II (pp. 521 et seq., 562 et
seq., 631 et seq.).
Footnote 40:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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