and Cleomenes III (about 240) aligns itself with the political activity of C. Flaminius, which began only a few years later. But never in Sparta were the kings able to achieve any thorough-going success over the senatorial element represented by the Ephors. In the period of these struggles, Rome had become a megalopolis of the late-Classical type. The rustic instincts were more and more pushed back by the intelligence of the city.[79] Consequently from about 350 we find side by side with the _lex rogata_ of the people the _lex data_, the administrative law, of the prætor. With this the Twelve Tables idea drops out of the contest and it is the prætor’s edict that becomes the football of the party battle. It did not take long for the prætor to become the centre of both legislation and judicial practice. And presently, corresponding to the political extension of the city’s power, the jurisdiction of the prætor and the field of his _jus civile_--the law of the citizens--begin to diminish in significance and the peregrin prætor with his _jus gentium_--the law of the alien--steps into the foreground. And when finally the whole population of the Classical world, save the small part possessing Roman citizenship, was comprised in the field of this alien law, the _jus peregrinum_ of the city of Rome became practically an imperial law. All other cities--and even Alpine tribes and migrant Bedouin clans were _civitates_ from the administrative point of view--retained their local laws only as supplements, not alternatives, to the peregrin law of Rome. It marked the close of Classical law-making, therefore, when Hadrian (about A.D. 130) introduced the _Edictum perpetuum_, which gave final form to the well-established corpus of the annual pronouncements of the prætors and forbade further modifications thereof. It was still, as before, the prætor’s duty to publish the “law of his year,” but, even though this law had no greater degree of validity than corresponded to his administrative powers and was not the law of the Empire, he was obliged thenceforth to stick to the established text.[80] It is the very symbol of the petrified “Late” Civilization.[81]