[38] Although he calls the Pope a fine Latinist, instead of giving Urban's words at Clermont, Guibert rewrites them, *etsi non verbis, tamen intentionibus*, "not word for word, but according to what he meant." For an attempt, on the basis of the various surviving representations of Urban's performance at Clermont, to determine what the Pope actuually said, see D.C. Munro, "The Speech of Pope Urban II at Clermont," *American Historical Review* XI (1906), pp. 231-242. For objections to Munro's technique, see Paul Rousset, *Les origines et les caracteres de la premiere croisade*, Geneva, 1945, p. 58. [39] See W. Porges, "The Clergy, the Poor, and the Non-Combatants on the First Crusade," *Speculum* 21 (1946), pp. 1-20; Jean Flori, "Faut-il réhabiliter Pierre l'Ermite?" *Cahier de civilisation médiévale* XXXVIII (1995), pp. 35-54. [40] See Appendix A. [41] Labande, I.xvii, pp. 135 ff.. [42] A task for which Heinrich Hagenmeyer's *Chronologie de la première croisade*, Hildesheim, 1898-1901, provides a sound basis. [43] Whenever possible, the modern spellings are taken from the Gazetteer provided in *A History of the Crusades*, ed. by Kenneth M. Setton and M.W. Baldwin, Madison, 1969, vol. I, pp. 626-666. [44] *paregorizantis*, "curative," a rare word, used by Augustine. [45] Horace AP 105. [46] One of the names of Mars. [47] Literally, never goes beyond Mercurial moderation. [48] An area in northeast Persia, but used as a general term for the Near East by the Western chroniclers of the First Crusade. [49] Gnaeus Trogus Pompeius, a contemporary of Livy, wrote 44 books, of which only an epitome by Justin survives. [50] I Kings xii.10; II Chronicles x.10. [51] Translation by J.D. Duff, *Lucan*, Cambridge, 1969. "of one's own blood," is the more literal translation. [52] Lucan I. 8,9,12. [53] Albert of Aix uses the same comparison several times within one paragraph to describe the joys of the Crusaders about to attack Ascalon: they are *tanquam ad convivium pergentes laetati*, then the pagan prefect of Ramna, noticing that the Christians are singing and rejoicing, *tanquam ad epulas omnium deliciarum invitati essent*, remarks: Miror, et sufficienter mirari nequeo unde populus hic in tanta laetitia et voce exultationis glorietur, quasi ad convivium iturus. (RHC IV.492) [54] That is, children. [55] Proverbs xxx.27. [56] The first printed edition offers *genuinae*, where MS A offers *geminae*. [57] That is, Helena. [58] Psalm 63.7 [59] Genesis III.17,18. [60] Died c. 336 A.D.. [61] Died c. 274 A.D. [62] Ephesians 5.27. [63] A.D. 249-251. [64] buccella intinctio. [65] Iznik (Turkish). [66] abortivis? _________ [67] Jacob V.4. [68] Psalm 80.13. [69] Psalm 9.21 [70] Psalm 146 (147)20 [71] Robert I, count of Flanders, 1071-1093. The letter is printed in *Epistulae et chartae ad historiam primi belli sacri sectantes*, edited by Heinrich Hagenmayer, Innsbruck, 1901, pp. 129-136