[25] The piece usually called Pass-guard is the projecting guard over the shoulders for stopping pike-thrusts, but we have Viscount Dillon’s authority that the Tilting Elbow-guard is really the Pass-guard. [26] _Helmets and Mail_, p. 84. [27] The Redmarshal effigy is in the County of Durham, and the Downes effigy is in the North Choir Aisle of Macclesfield Church, in Yorkshire. [28] Hewitt. [29] Like many classifications of the kind, this is rather arbitrary, as we have many late instances of “bear-paw” sollerets. [30] Caylus figures a Roman caltrop (_Recueil_ iv., Pl. 98). [31] The designation “Gothisch” (Gothic) seems as ridiculous and inappropriate when applied to armour as to architecture. [32] The mentonnière is throughout referred to as the combined piece of gorget and chin-piece as used with the sallad. [33] A specimen of the work of this great artist may be seen on a sword-hilt in the Armeria Reale, Turin. [34] In the early chronicles “bills and bows” are often mentioned. It must be borne in mind, however, that the word “bills” often covered all long-handled weapons. [35] In the Republican Library at Paris, a MS. written by Marcus Græcus, called “Liber Ignium.” It is dated 846. [36] _Proceedings_, vol. v., p. 26. [37] Demmin. [38] Boeheim of Vienna says that he was born in 1530, and died about 1583. [39] The father of Lucio, the great armour-smith. [40] _Archæologia Æliana_, vol. xxii., pp. 1 _et seq._ [41] Greener on the Gun, p. 3. [42] This class of machine was termed “tormenta,” from the twisting of the ropes which supplied the propelling force. [43] _Encyclopædia Britannica_, under “Fire.” [44] Others in the author’s collection are stated to have been used by the Town Guard of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. [45] See _Proceedings of Newcastle-upon-Tyne Society of Antiquaries_, vol. ix., in a paper by the writer. [46] Rénard, Liège. [47] Johnes’s _Froissart_, vol. i., p. 145. [48] Johnes’s _Froissart_, vol. i., p. 190. [49] Vol. i., p. 278. [50] This occurs in a part taken from two MSS. in the Hafod Library, “not in any of the printed copies.” [51] Meyrick. [52] The rough projectiles of this period would doubtless soon cause damage to the interior of cannon, necessitating its frequent renewal. [53] The archives run: “Il nostre comune di Perugia fece fare ... 500 bombarde, una spanne lunghe,” etc. General Kohler mentions this in his book. [54] Hollinshed. [55] Maitland’s _History of London_. [56] Small cases for holding measured charges of powder ready for loading. INDEX. A. Accolade, 35 Acinace, 162 Agathias, 159, 179, 193 Ages--Stone, Bronze, and Iron, 15 Ailettes, 42, 49 Air-gun, 224 _Akten des Dresdener Oberhof-marshallamtes_, 92 _Alexiad_, 205 Allecret armour, 135 Almau, Juan de, 156 Almayne rivets, 65, 108, 131 Almayne armourers, 69 Anelace, 166, 176 Angelo, Michael, 140 Anglo-Saxon arms, 26, 152, 197 Arbelest, 185 Archers, 55, 59, 182