The Deipnosophists; or, Banquet of the Learned of Athenæus, Vol. 1 (of 3)Athenaeus, of Naucratis
General
The Deipnosophists; or, Banquet of the Learned of Athenæus, Vol. 1 (of 3)
Athenaeus, of Naucratis
Civilization, Greco-Roman; Dinners and dining -- Greece; Greece -- Social life and customs; Homosexuality -- Greece
81. And the writers of books on dialects give lists of the names of
different loaves. Seleucus speaks of one called dramis, which bears this
name among the Macedonians; and of another called daratus by the
Thessalians. And he speaks of the etnites, saying that it is the same as
the lecithites, that is to say, made of the yolks of eggs and of pulse.
And he says that the loaf called ἐρικίτης, has its name from being made of
wheat crushed (ἐρηριγμένος), and not sifted, and of groats. And Amerias
speaks of a loaf called xeropyrites, made of pure wheat, and nothing
else; and so does Timachidas. But Nicander says that thiagones is the
name given by the Ætolians to those loaves which are made for the gods.
The Egyptians have a bread which is rather bitter, which they call
cyllastis. And Aristophanes speaks of it in his Danaides, saying--
Mention the cyllastis and the petosiris.
Hecatæus, too, and Herodotus mention it; and so does Phanodemus, in the
seventh book of his Attic History. But Nicander of Thyatira says, that
it is bread made of barley which is called cyllastis by the Egyptians.
Alexis calls dirty loaves phæi, in his Cyprian, saying--
_A._ Then you are come at last?
_B._ Scarce could I find
Of well-baked loaves enough----
_A._ A plague upon you;
But what now have you got?
_B._ I bring with me
Sixteen, a goodly number; eight of them
Tempting and white, and just as many phæi.
And Seleucus says that there is a very closely made hot bread which is
called blema. And Philemon, in the first book of his Oracles, "Useful
Things of Every Kind," says--that bread made of unsifted wheat, and
containing the bran and everything, is called πυρνός. He says, too, that
there are loaves which are called blomilii, which have divisions in
them, which the Romans call quadrati. And that bread made of bran is
called brattime, which Amerias and Timachidas call euconon or teuconon.
But Philetas, in his Miscellanies, says that there is a kind of loaf
which is called spoleus, which is only eaten by relations when assembled
together.
82. Now you may find barley-cakes mentioned in his writings by Tryphon,
and by many other authors. Among the Athenians it is called phystes, not
being too closely kneaded. There is also the cardamale, and the berex,
and the tolype, and the Achilleum; and perhaps that is a cake which is
made of the Achillean barley. Then there is the thridakina, so named
from lettuce; the œnutta, so called from wine; the melitutta, from
honey; and the crinon, the name of which is derived from the lily, which
last is also the name of a choral dance, mentioned by Apollophanes, in
the Dalis. But the cakes called thridaciscæ by Alcman, are the same as
the Attic thridacinæ. But Alcman speaks thus--
The thridacisca, and the cribanotus.
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