For the word ἄπλυτοι, unwashed, must clearly refer to the radishes, and not to the cuttle-fish; as is shown by Antiphanes, in whom we find these lines:-- To eat ducks, and honeycombs of wild bees, and eggs, And cheese-cakes, and unwash'd radishes, And rape, and oatmeal-groats, and honey. So that radishes appear to have been particularly called unwashed radishes; being probably the same as those called Thasian. Pherecrates says-- There one may have the unwash'd radish, and the warm Bath, and closely stewed pickles, and nuts. And Plato, in his Hyperbolus, says, using the diminutive termination, φύλλιον ἢ ῥαφανίδιον, "a leaflet, or a little radish." But Theophrastes, in his book on Plants, says that there are five kinds of radishes: the Corinthian, the Leiothasian, the Cleonæan, the Amorean, and the Bœotian; and that the Bœotian, which is of a round form, is the sweetest. And he says that, as a general rule, those the leaves of which are smooth, are the sweetest. But Callias used the form ῥάφανος for ῥάφανις; at all events, when discussing the antiquity of comedy, he says, "Broth, and sausages, and radishes (ῥάφανοι), and fallen olives, and cheese-cakes." And indeed that he meant the same as what we call ῥαφανίδες, is plainly shown by Aristophanes, who in the Danaïdes alludes to such old forms, and says-- And then the chorus used to dance, Clad in worsted-work and fine clothes; And bearing under their arms ribs of beef, And sausages, and radishes. And the radish is a very economical kind of food. Amphis says-- Whoever, when purchasing food, When it is in his power, O Apollo, to buy genuine fish, Prefers buying radishes, is downright mad! 49. With respect to Pine-cones.--Mnesitheus, the Athenian physician, in his book on Comestibles, calls the husks of the pine-cones ὀστρακίδες, and in another place he calls them κῶνοι. But Diocles of Carystus calls them πιτüίνα κάρυα, _nuts of the pine-tree._ And Alexander the Myndian calls them πιτυΐνους κώνους. And Theophrastus calls the tree πεύκη, and the fruit κῶνος. But Hippocrates, in his book on Barley-water,--(one half of which is considered spurious by everybody, and some people reckon the whole so,)--calls the fruit κόκκαλοι; but most people call it πυρῆνες: as Herodotus does, in speaking of the Pontic nut. For he says, "And this has πυρῆνα (_a kernel_), when it becomes ripe." But Diphilus the Siphnian says, "Pine-cones" (which he calls στρόβιλοι) "are very nutritious, and have a tendency to soften the arteries, and to relieve the chest, because they have some resinous qualities contained in them." While Mnesitheus says that they fill the body with fat, and are very free from all hindrances to the digestion; and, moreover, that they are diuretic, and that they are free from all astringent tendencies.