[236] These species are described, with coloured figures, by M. F. Pollen, in ‘Ibis,’ 1866, p. 275. [237] ‘Variation of Animals, &c., under Domestication,’ vol. i. p. 251. [238] Macgillivray, ‘Hist. British Birds,’ vol. i. p. 172-174. [239] See, on this subject, chap. xxiii. in the ‘Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication.’ [240] Audubon, ‘Ornith. Biography,’ vol. i. p. 193. Macgillivray, ‘Hist. Brit. Birds,’ vol. iii. p. 85. See also the case before given of _Indopicus carlotta_. [241] ‘Westminster Review,’ July, 1867, and A. Murray, ‘Journal of Travel,’ 1868, p. 83. [242] For the Australian species, see Gould’s ‘Handbook,’ &c., vol. ii. p. 178, 180, 186, and 188. In the British Museum specimens of the Australian Plain-wanderer (_Pedionomus torquatus_) may be seen, shewing similar sexual differences. [243] Jerdon, ‘Birds of India,’ vol. iii. p. 596. Mr. Swinhoe, in ‘Ibis,’ 1865, p. 542; 1866, p. 131, 405. [244] Jerdon, ‘Birds of India,’ vol. iii. p. 677. [245] Gould’s ‘Handbook of the Birds of Australia,’ vol. ii. p. 275. [246] ‘The Indian Field,’ Sept. 1858, p. 3. [247] ‘Ibis,’ 1866, p. 298. [248] For these several statements, see Mr. Gould’s ‘Birds of Great Britain.’ Prof. Newton informs me that he has long been convinced, from his own observations and from those of others, that the males of the above-named species take either the whole or a large share of the duties of incubation, and that they “shew much greater devotion towards their young, when in danger, than do the females.” So it is, as he informs me, with _Limosa lapponica_ and some few other Waders, in which the females are larger and have more strongly contrasted colours than the males. [249] The natives of Ceram (Wallace, ‘Malay Archipelago,’ vol. ii. p. 150) assert that the male and female sit alternately on the eggs; but this assertion, as Mr. Bartlett thinks, may be accounted for by the female visiting the nest to lay her eggs. [250] ‘The Student,’ April, 1870, p. 124. [251] See the excellent account of the habits of this bird under confinement, by Mr. A. W. Bennett, in ‘Land and Water,’ May, 1868, p. 233. [252] Mr. Sclater, on the incubation of the Struthiones, ‘Proc. Zoo. Soc.,’ June 9, 1863.