The Deseado Formation of PatagoniaLoomis, Frederic Brewster
Science
The Deseado Formation of Patagonia
Loomis, Frederic Brewster
Paleontology -- Patagonia (Argentina and Chile)
The teeth of both jaws are rooted, but tend to be hypsodont. The
elongated incisors of the upper series are characterized by the
presence of a longitudinal furrow in the top of each tooth, which,
with wear, becomes a pit, and, as it is shallow, disappears in old
individuals. This is the only suggestion of a horse character in the
genus, but the pit in a horse’s incisor is a late development, and here
it is also probably a specialization due to eating grass. Incisor 1 is
the largest and they decrease in size toward either side. The canine is
small, and is also marked by having a furrow in the crown, but in this
case it is transverse to the long axis of the jaw.
The premolars are peculiar in having on the anterior internal corner
a highly developed cingulum, which so builds out the tooth that it is
usually wide and is rectangular in outline. As this cingulum rises, it
incloses a bay on the ant. int. corner of the tooth, which, with wear,
becomes first a bay, then a pit, and lastly may disappear entirely
in old age. On each premolar the anterior and posterior lobes are
developed, inclosing between them an elongated basin, which with wear
becomes a long narrow pit. On the molars, the cingulum on the ant. int.
corner is wanting entirely. The external anterior corner of the tooth,
however, is prolonged, so that the crown has a rhomboidal outline. The
crown is made up in the typical manner of the wall, the anterior, and
the posterior lobes, which inclose between them an elongated basin,
which, as in the premolars, becomes, on wear, a pit extending obliquely
across the tooth.
The lower incisors have no furrows in the crowns, but in this genus
there is a small cingulum on the inner side just above the base of
the enamel. The lower canine is incisiform, and also has the basal
cingulum. Each of the premolars has, on the external side, a median
vertical groove, beginning at the base of the enamel, and widening
toward the top. This is progressive if less marked from pm. 1 to pm.
4. The premolars and molars consist essentially of two crescents, the
shorter anterior, and the posterior which is about twice as long as the
anterior. The details are as described on page 96, and seen in figure
55.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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