The Development of the European Nations, 1870-1914 (5th ed.)Rose, J. Holland (John Holland)
History
The Development of the European Nations, 1870-1914 (5th ed.)
Rose, J. Holland (John Holland)
Europe -- History -- 1871-1918
In the chapter "Power and Authority" the author holds up to the gaze of
a weary world a refreshing vision of a benevolent despotism which will
save men in spite of themselves.
Power is the depository of truth, and needs, above all
things, men of truth, of clear intellects, of strong
understandings, and of sincere speech, who know the limits of
"yes" and "no," and never transcend them, etc[230].
[Footnote 230: _Pobyedonosteff; his Reflections_, Eng. ed.]
To this Muscovite Laud was now entrusted the task of drafting a
manifesto in the interests of "power" and "truth."
Meanwhile the Nihilists themselves had helped on the cause of reaction.
Even before the funeral of Alexander II. their executive committee had
forwarded to his successor a document beseeching him to give up
arbitrary power and to take the people into his confidence. While
purporting to impose no conditions, the Nihilist chiefs urged him to
remember that two measures were needful preliminaries to any general
pacification, namely, a general amnesty of all political offenders, as
being merely "executors of a hard civic duty"; and "the convocation of
representatives of all the Russian people for a revision and reform of
all the private laws of the State, according to the will of the nation."
In order that the election of this Assembly might be a reality, the Czar
was pressed to grant freedom of speech and of public meetings[231].
[Footnote 231: The whole document is printed in the Appendix to
"Stepniak's" _Underground Russia_.]
It is difficult to say whether the Nihilists meant this document as an
appeal, or whether the addition of the demand of a general amnesty was
intended to anger the Czar and drive him into the arms of the
reactionaries. In either case, to press for the immediate pardon of his
father's murderers appeared to Alexander III. an unpardonable insult.
Thenceforth between him and the revolutionaries there could be no truce.
As a sop to quiet the more moderate reformers, he ordered the
appointment of a Commission, including a few members of Zemstvos, and
even one peasant, to inquire into the condition of public-houses and the
excessive consumption of vodka. Beyond this humdrum though useful
question the imperial reformer did not deign to move.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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