The Development of the Feeling for Nature in the Middle Ages and Modern TimesBiese, Alfred
History
The Development of the Feeling for Nature in the Middle Ages and Modern Times
Biese, Alfred
Nature; Nature in literature
They were accustomed to call me, on account of wandering about
the district, the 'wanderer.' In producing that calm for the
mind, which I felt under the open sky, in the valleys, on the
heights, in the fields, and in the woods, the situation of
Frankfort was serviceable.... On the setting in of winter a new
world was revealed to us, since I at once determined to skate....
For this new joyous activity we were also indebted to Klopstock,
to his enthusiasm for this happy species of motion.... To pass a
splendid Sunday thus on the ice did not satisfy us, we continued
in movement late into the night.... The full moon rising from the
clouds, over the wide nocturnal meadows which were frozen into
fields of ice, the night breeze which rustled towards us on our
course, the solemn thunder of the ice which sunk as the water
decreased, the strange echo of our own movements, rendered the
scenes of Ossian just present to our minds.
His attachment, to Lotte, stirred far deeper feelings than the
earlier ones to Frederica and Lilli:
(If I, my own dear Lilli, loved thee not, How should I joy to
view this scene so fair! And yet if I, sweet Lilli, loved thee
not, Should I be happy here or anywhere?)
and drew him correspondingly nearer to Nature.
There is no book in any language which so lives and moves and has its
being in Nature as _Werther_.[11] In _Wahrheit und Dichtung_ Goethe
said of the 'strange element' in which _Werther_ was designed and
written:
I sought to free myself internally from all that was foreign to
me, to regard the external with love, and to allow all beings,
from man downwards, as low as they were comprehensible, to act
upon me, each after its own kind. Thus arose a wonderful affinity
with the single objects of Nature, and a hearty concord, a
harmony with the whole, so that every change, whether of place or
region, or of the times of the day and year, or whatever else
could happen, affected me in the deepest manner. The glance of
the painter associated itself with that of the poet; the
beautiful rural landscape, animated by the pleasant river,
increased my love of solitude and favoured my silent observations
as they extended on all sides.
The strong influence of _La Nouvelle Héloise_ upon _Werther_ was very
evident, but there was a marked difference between Goethe's feeling
for Nature and Rousseau's. Rousseau had the painter's eye, but not
the keen poetic vision.
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